Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia outlined by signs into non-immune T-cells and T-cells. The former can be divided into unmarked petulance leaching, general-ALL, the former B-cell ALL and B-cell acute lymphoblastic four subtypes; T-cells are divided into immature thymocytes-ordinary-type thymocytes and mature-type thymocytes. Cause the pathogenesis of acute leukemia clinical manifestations include bone marrow by leukemia cells caused by the infiltration of hematopoietic Dysfunction performance (such as anemia, infection, bleeding), and leukemia cells in systemic organ invasion caused the abnormal performance (such as lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly) two areas. A clinical performance, the onset : The majority of patients rapid onset and made rapid progress, often fever, anemia or bleeding as the first symptom. Some cases were gentler, for anemia as the main performance. Two symptoms : (1) anemia : is the incidence of anemia, but the severity ranges. (2) Bleeding : The majority of patients in the course of which have varying degrees of bleeding beneath the skin, ecchymosis, gingival bleeding, epistaxis for common. Serious bleeding can be a visceral, hematochezia, urinating blood, hemoptysis and intracranial hemorrhage. (3) Fever : common acute leukemia is one of the symptoms. 3, signs : (1) the liver, spleen, lymph nodes. (2) bone and articular manifestations : bone and joint pain common performance sternum tenderness leukemia diagnosis of a certain value. (3) Other signs of infiltration : male testis involvement can diffuse swelling, leukemia relapse into one of the reasons. 4, central nervous system leukemia : ① meningeal performance by the invasion, can affect the cycle of cerebrospinal fluid, causing increased intracranial pressure, the patient suffered from headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, palilledema, abducens nerve palsy; ② cranial nerve palsy mainly by nerve root infiltration, in particular through the cranial nerves Kong's No. 3 pairs and seven pairs of cranial nerve involvement caused facial paralysis; ③ spinal cord leukemia cell infiltration, for paraplegia as the main character; ④ infiltration by vascular endothelial cells and leukemia stasis, the occurrence of secondary hemorrhage, with the clinical manifestations of cerebral vascular accident. A diagnosis, blood : interleukin majority in 109 × 10 -50 / L, small part "5 × 109 / L or" 100 × 109 / L. 2, bone marrow as : bone marrow biopsy diagnosis of acute leukemia is an important method. 3, cell chemistry : the primitive cell leukemia sometimes difficult to distinguish between morphology can be made using cell chemical identification. 4. tests : (1) lysozyme : Determination of lysozyme be conducive to the identification of types of leukemia. (2) uric acid. (3) pH and electrolyte balance. 5, chromosome examination : acute leukemia chromosome leukemia helpful to the correct type and the prognosis estimates. Treatment of a support treatment. (1) Infection Control. (2) improving anemia : can lose blood or red blood cell concentration. (3) hemorrhage control : strengthening nasal, gum care. During Chemotherapy pay attention to the prevention of DIC. (4) To prevent hyperuricemia : a period of chemotherapy in the prevention of high uric acid nephropathy. (5) correct electrolyte and acid base balance. 2, chemotherapy : Chemotherapy treatment of leukemia is an important means. Treatment of acute leukemia can be divided into two stages. That the induction of remission and mitigation after treatment (consolidation strengthen and maintain treatment). 3, differentiation therapy : as retinoic acid, dimethylsulfoxide, actinomycin D, 6-thiopurine, Ara, homoharringtonin alkaline, aclarubicin such as daunorubicin. Retinoic acid treatment with acute promyelocytic leukemia more successful. 4, bone marrow transplant. Radical leukemia as one of the ways. 5, immune therapy : present, there have been several clinical trial technologies such as interleukin and interferon, tumor necrosis factor, LAK cells, monoclonal antibodies and its associates, etc.. 6, hematopoietic growth factor : The promotion of hematopoietic cells proliferation.