Sympathetic insufficiency

Sympathetic outlined insufficiency is caused by a variety of reasons sympathetic to the emerging paralysis and Horner's syndrome. Unilateral Facial atrophy, primary orthostatic hypotension, skin sweating reduce or sweat-free nutrition and skin disorders. Cause pathogenesis one. Horner's syndrome caused the etiology see section V, the first part of this chapter. 2. Spinal cord diseases : trauma, tumor, acute anterior horn cortex - yim, syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis and so on. 3. Spinal nerve damage : Polyneuritis, fractures, sacroiliac arthritis, spinal deformity and pelvic tumors. These lesions damage sympathetic nerve pathway on the three million or fiber, so that sympathetic nerve palsy, Fiber-adrenergic receptors in the release of acetylcholine or not to release or reduce, Europium, beta, M. Effects of weakened or disappeared. 4. Unknown diseases : (1) Primary orthostatic hypotension, Some think this is because of the thoracic spinal cord to the middle of the lateral nuclear sympathetic preganglionic cell degeneration, accompanied by a number of brain nuclear or fibrosis. (2) Unilateral Facial atrophy : more inclined to cervical sympathetic obstacles. Clinical manifestations 1.Horher's syndrome : Miosis, fissile small eyes, sunken eyeballs, the ipsilateral facial or less Khan Khan. 2. Skin changes : reducing or sweating Khan, flushing or purple skin thinning and loss of hair, fingernail edge. Matt, located at the distal extremities, the face, chest to the waist more segmental. 3. Orthostatic hypotension : change from sitting or lying standing systolic blood pressure dropped 4.0Kpa above, diastolic blood pressure decreased 2.7 kPa more could have dizziness, and even fainting deceive, no rhythm changes, pale, sweating, and so on. Accompanied impotence, abnormal sweating, urination, defecation abnormal. Advanced there extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, such as ataxia. 4. Unilateral facial atrophy : supraorbital and zygomatic styles can be extended to the whole face, was of the cords or poisoned levy, pigmentation, telangiectasia, less Khan, headache, scleroderma-like changes and seizures. A differential diagnosis, secondary orthostatic hypotension : (1) drug reaction clear medication history, such as oxygen Oxaprozin, Acridine guanidine B, the medication process of emergence of a shorter duration. (2) endocrine diseases adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, dysfunction when there is more dysfunctional system, chills less sweat. skin dry and rough, pale Matt, loss of hair, loss of libido, impotence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, slow heart rate, pulse thin and fragile. dizziness, low blood pressure and special face and body. Infection, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydrate when there will be the orthostatic hypotension. (3) anemia (anemia) tiredness, weakness, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, pale skin and mucous, palpitation, severe anemia or blood occurred deep sharp decline in elderly patients with cardiovascular decompensation caught less prone orthostatic hypotension. 2. abnormal skin perspiration and nutrition disorders (1) Polyneuritis (polyneuritis) suffer physically far End paresthesia or symmetry deep feeling dissipated or missing, were gloves, socks-like distribution, symmetry distal limb weakness, muscular atrophy, vertical wrist, pedal, tendon reflexes weakened or disappeared, hypotonia and autonomic dysfunction. (2) the ulnar nerve, median nerve damage over a history of trauma, there may be local swelling, pain and limitation. Impaired sensory nerve distribution, movement disorders and nutrition, vasomotor obstacles. Median nerve injury hands in a "ape hands." Ulnar nerve injury was the claw-like hands. (3) sciatic nerve damage sacroiliac arthritis who sacroiliac joint pain and tenderness; spinal deformity can be X-ray diagnosis; lumbar disc prolapse is more acute lumbar sprain history of lumbar paraspinal or tenderness. waist CT diagnosis. (4) a spinal cord disease. Spinal cord compression diseases : root can be accompanied by pain, sensory and autonomic campaign obstacles. Spinal fracture dislocation, disc prolapse, traumatic hematoma caused the more clear history of trauma, sharp onset; Tumors arising from the passage of those hidden onset, slow progress, the most common response. Spine X-ray, CT or MRI can clearly diagnose. 2. Anterior horn polio (anterior poliomyelitis) : more common in children, Only by motor neuron paralysis without sensory dysfunction, and more single-paralysis, muscular atrophy fast, spinal reflex disappeared, No pathological reflexes and spinal cord lesion Festival disclaimer District autonomic dysfunction. 3. Syringomyelia 4. Multiple Sclerosis