Pyelonephritis overview and incentives

Pyelonephritis-induced factors are the following: (1) urinary poor: a result of breeding of pathogens can contribute up infections, such as polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, kidney cancer, kidney down, under the urethra or ureteral stones, cancer, pregnancy, the neural bladder, prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture So easy to induce the disease. (2) bladder - lose urethral reflux; that when urine from the urinary bladder lose the urethral reflux to the abnormal renal pelvis, such as the bladder and ureter the bottom of the triangular muscle tension low, normal or overactive bladder filling inflammation of the bladder can be -- Ureteral reflux, induced infection. (3) low resistance to reduce the body: systemic diseases such as diabetes and easy with this disease. 4) urinary tract surgery or equipment operation; urinary tract surgery such as the expansion of urethra, bladder examination, catheterization, in particular, indwelling catheter four days or more, can be as high as 90 percent. (5) sex life: sex life, because I pressure invagination female urethra, urethral trauma or too short, the former urethral bacteria susceptible to squeeze into the bladder was a direct result of infection.

Nephropathy causes edema

The cause kidney edema The degree of edema can be light weight, light had no foreseeable edema, only weight gain (hidden edema) in the early morning or swelling of the eyelids a little bit. Body weight can significantly edema, or even the chest, ascites, dozens of kilograms of weight gain (severe swelling). The most common is that Au edema, or a finger on it you will see the emergence of depression. Cause swelling of the reasons are the following aspects: 1, "the ball of the imbalance": "ball" that glomeruli, "the" means tubular, and the kidneys from renal cortical some of the major units (about two kidney about 2 million) consisting of, but also from kidney renal unit The ball and tubular composed of two parts. Under normal circumstances, the glomerular filtration of water, salts and other substances, almost 99 percent has been re-absorbed by the tubular, so that the body remain relatively small and the dynamic balance of electrolytes. When kidney disease, the "ball of the imbalance", on the one hand, glomerular water, sodium filtration dysfunction, but the tubular water, the re-absorption of sodium is not the corresponding decline, resulting in water, sodium Retention caused by edema. The most common in such cases when glomerulonephritis. 2, hypoproteinemia: renal pathology injury cases, the GBM permeability-increasing protein from the large number of discharged in urine, to reduce the concentration of plasma protein, osmotic pressure to reduce plasma, liquid Piancong vascular infiltration of protein (and infiltration Pressure) the relatively high inter-organizational membrane, the cause edema. Osmotic pressure plasma protein is to maintain the important material and plasma protein concentration led to lower plasma osmolality lower. And water (liquid) to high (protein, osmotic pressure), such as soybeans go [<-> water and the expansion of the truth - formed. 3, complications: kidney disease, because of reduced kidney erythropoietin, cause anemia: anemia caused by kidney ischemia, renal ischemia caused increased secretion of renin hypertension. Anemia, hypertension, kidney coupled with the retention of the body metabolism and decreased immunity, while secondary to cardiac dysfunction, which in turn was the cause of edema. This is common in patients with chronic insufficiency of uremia. 4, with liver and kidney damage: kidney disease, severe kidney disease, in particular, are often secondary to liver damage, medical, "the liver and kidney syndrome" (in Chinese medicine also stresses "liver and kidney homology"). Liver lesions become another cause of the edema. 5, hormone causes: kidney disease, often secondary to endocrine function, such as aldosterone, such as increased estrogen, may cause the body of water, sodium retention caused or aggravated kidney edema. So many causes of kidney edema, the treatment of kidney edema can not be got straight to the point, the conditions required for different causes of edema are the purpose of treatment. There is no doubt that the formation of kidney edema is due to kidney injury, which also have a functional disorder, so thoroughly treatment of kidney edema, the most important thing is the source from edema for Treatment.

What nephrotic syndrome common complication?

(1) infections: from the large quantities of immunoglobulin lost in urine, plasma protein decreased, affecting antibody formation. Adrenal cortical hormones and cell poisons of the application of the patients decreased systemic resistance and prone to infections, such as skin infections, primary peritonitis, respiratory infections, urinary tract infection, and even induced sepsis. (2) coronary heart disease: patients with nephrotic syndrome often hyperlipidemia and high blood coagulation state, prone to coronary heart disease. It was reported in patients with nephrotic syndrome incidence of myocardial infarction eight times higher than normal. Nephrotic syndrome coronary heart disease has become the third cause of death factors (after infection and renal failure). (3) thrombosis: nephrotic syndrome patients prone to thrombosis, especially membranous nephropathy rate of 25% to 40%. There are several reasons why thrombosis formation of edema, less patient activities, intravenous stasis, high blood lipids, blood viscosity and increase the concentration, and high levels of fibrinogen v, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, x factor increased and the use of adrenal cortical hormone and blood-prone hypercoagulable state, such as. (4) acute renal failure: patients with nephrotic syndrome because of the large number proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia, the body often in hypovolemia and hypercoagulable state ¨ District vomit, diarrhea, and the use of anti-hypertensive drugs Diuretics large diuretic, enable the kidney perfusion of blood suddenly reduced, thereby enabling lower glomerular filtration rate, leading to acute renal failure. Furthermore, nephrotic syndrome, renal interstitial edema, and protein concentration of plug formation of tubular and other factors, can also be induced acute renal failure. (5) electrolyte and metabolic disorders: the repeated use of diuretics or unreasonable to ban long-term salt, will keep patients with nephrotic syndrome secondary hyponatremia; adrenal cortex hormones and the use of diuretics, a large number of voiding a large number, if not timely Potassium, prone to hypokalemia.

The differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of clinical manifestations similar syndrome, it is not an independent disease. The main clinical manifestations of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, hyperlipidemia. From nephrotic syndrome for many reasons. Can be summed up can be divided into two broad categories. Namely: primary and secondary. Primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome although there are common clinical manifestations, but in the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment in very different. Therefore they must go further in the differential diagnosis. 1. Primary nephrotic syndrome Primary nephrotic syndrome. Glomerular diseases caused by the primary, such as minimal change nephropathy, membrane-type kidney disease, mesangial proliferative kidney disease, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (1) minimal change nephropathy, more common in children and adolescents. Misprision of onset, gross hematuria. (2) membrane nephropathy, the general incidence in the 35-year-old after the onset occult lesions development has been slow and prone to renal vein thrombosis, gross hematuria rare. (3) mesangial proliferative kidney disease, multiple in the past 30 years, rapid onset, almost all the patients had microscopic hematuria, renal function was a decline of about 1 / 3 of patients with hypertension. (4) mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, occur in young people, misprision of onset, can be acute, and more with hematuria, mainly to microscopic hematuria, and mild to moderate hypertension. (5) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a predilection for young people, the majority in almost all patients with occult disease is the most frequently nephrotic syndrome, followed by microscopic hematuria, the decline of renal function. 2. Secondary nephrotic syndrome Secondary nephrotic syndrome due to a combination of disease, such as systemic diseases, metabolic diseases, allergic diseases, infectious diseases, kidney toxicity, cancer, genetic diseases, pregnancy toxaemia and chronic renal transplantation exclusion, and so on. But a common clinical only a few, such as systemic lupus erythematosus kidney, diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis, etc. The most common. (1) systemic lupus erythematosus nephropathy common in young women, often more for the performance of harm, such as joint pain, fever, butterfly facial erythema, liver and cardiovascular system diseases, etc.. SLE can be found in blood cells, plasma globulin increased significantly. (2) diabetic nephropathy multiple longer history of diabetes in patients with diabetic retinopathy, kidney damage and often parallel. (3) renal amyloidosis mainly occurs in middle-aged and older men and women, tend to have chronic inflammation or chronic suppurative disease lesions. (4) Multiple Purpura Nephritis in young people, and the incidence of respiratory tract infection, may be winter Most of hematuria is Henoch-Schonlein purpura renal kidney damage the most common clinical manifestations.

How to prevent chronic superficial gastritis?

Chronic superficial gastritis is a common disease, multiple, and the course Touching easily repeated attacks, patients suffering from deep. In addition, some superficial gastritis missing in the treatment of life-or do not pay attention to perturbation, it is highly developed chronic atrophic gastritis caused gastric cancer, the consequences could be serious. Therefore, chronic superficial gastritis attention should be paid to prevention. Chronic superficial gastritis prevention should be the main life, eating attention, and actively prevent and wipe out all kinds of pathogenic factors. As follows: (1) for acute gastritis, should be complete early treatment to prevent the development of disease perishable Fuyu chronic superficial gastritis. (2) of the gastric mucosa with Jiyong or less damaging drugs, such as aspirin, Bao Taisong, indomethacin, reserpine, toluene sulfonamide-urea, and other hormones. If these drugs must be applied, must be taken after a meal, or at the same time taking the protection of gastric acid detergent and medicine to prevent gastric mucosal damage. (3) positive treatment of oral, nasal cavity, pharynx chronic Ganranzao, local Ganranzao bacteria or prevent its long-term ingestion of toxins, causing gastric inflammation. (4) catering to light, nutritious, of a festival, regular quantitative and avoid the over-hungry, over eating and drinking. At the same time avoid tea, coffee, spices, rough and rigid food intake, smoking abstinence to prevent gastric mucosal injury. (5) Avoid stress, depression and feelings of fatigue, and had to live, Laoyijiege, mood, physical exercise should be strengthened at the same time, enhance physical fitness, strengthening of gastrointestinal function. (6) aggressive treatment of chronic gastritis can lead to the systemic diseases, such as liver, gallbladder, pancreas, heart, kidney and other diseases and endocrine diseases.

Chronic atrophic gastritis performance

Chronic atrophic gastritis is not only the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations, but also with disease is not entirely consistent. Clinically, some patients with chronic atrophic gastritis may be no obvious symptoms. But most patients have upper abdominal burning, cramping, or Zhangmen Duntong, Seoul, nausea, especially after fresh worse, loss of appetite, nausea, gas, constipation or diarrhea symptoms. Can be a serious wasting, anemia, a crisp, Guayan nipple or tongue atrophy, a small number of gastric mucosal erosion can be associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A one-atrophic gastritis with pernicious anemia rare in China. No specific signs of the disease, may be mild upper abdominal tenderness.

Bronchial asthma and chronic stage performance

Chronic asthma attack can be a period of the year, From the environment, climate, or the ease of control after a relatively shorter period was often repeated attack, but the severity is not too serious, it is most acute bronchial not control the outcome. Due to long-term repeated attack, mostly associated with pulmonary emphysema, lung function decreased, the body was caused by hypoxia. Even in peacetime no acute, flu symptoms dyspnea, asthmatic breathing, and often awakened in the middle of the night, coughing or dyspnea with Wheezing tone. Chang and onset of influenza, cough, 1,10 white foam or thick sputum. Usually poor health, low resistance, and if respiratory infection, often accompanied by fever attack.

Asthma can be divided into several Which?

Often can be seen living men, women and children will be suffering from asthma, Although similar to the performance of asthma, but asthma is a wide variety of reasons. Common asthma as follows: Bronchial asthma, allergic disease is a majority in the incidence of young or young, and in spring or autumn when the attack Yuhan. Asthma attack when travel faster, and difficult to breath for the characteristics of asthma after the cessation of the same as normal. But if repeated attack, not ease, the development of pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary heart disease. Wheezy bronchitis, chronic bronchitis patients addition to the symptoms: chronic cough, expectoration, and also with significant breathing and respiratory infections in more than aggravating. Onset usually in the cold seasons, in the majority of the elderly. If not control this disease, often late for the development of emphysema, pulmonary heart disease. Another is bronchogenic carcinoma, when a bronchial carcinoid tumor plug, it can cause breathing. Patients breath, both the inspiratory difficulties. Several more are bronchial asthma or lung diseases caused by, called pulmonary asthma. There is a type of asthma is caused by heart disease, asthma Heart derived. Patients usually have coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiac disease or hypertension, a left ventricular failure, causing pulmonary bleeding, gas exchange impairment, asthma. This respite often attack at night, after more than 2 hours in Shuishu sudden difficulty in breathing. Gas hold patients chest tightness and suddenly woke up and forced to sit up pant, cough, 1,10 pink bubble-like sputum. After sitting up most of the patients, to alleviate breathing space, this process called paroxysmal breathing difficulties at night. In addition, there is an occupational asthma, asthma and certain occupations, that is to say, for example, the work of exposure to certain chemical or metal compounds, cause asthma. Their main features are: contact with a particular material or, in certain specific circumstances, the disease can cause seizures, once the disengagement, the symptoms disappeared.

Early cardiac asthma

"Cardiac asthma," namely "paroxysmal night breathing difficulties." Due to hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease caused by the chronic heart failure, More common in the elderly. Patients with heart disease often sleeping 1-2 hours after suddenly feel chest tightness, dyspnea and wakened, often require rapid Zuoqi, and a frequent cough, big mouth breathing, vomit bubble-like sputum. After several minutes to light gradually, and will re-appear the risk of acute pulmonary edema symptoms, there are obvious Wheezing Music "heartbeat accelerated, lips cyanosis, 1,10-bubble-like powder cylinder sputum The incidence of cardiac asthma, sleep, mainly because of some blood from the lower half transfer to the lungs, thereby increasing the original left ventricular failure caused by chronic lung Yu blood; the supine position, FVC reduced to a ventilation obstacles, and cause hypoxia. Carbon dioxide retention, resulting in pulmonary hypertension, an increase of the reflection on the respiratory center stimulation. In addition, the intensity of human activities, with the changes in circadian rhythm shows that changes in sympathetic nerve activity during the day strong, vagus nerve activity at night dominant, rendering coronary artery contraction, myocardial blood supply reduction. This is the heart of the direct cause of asthma in the -. Joinet emergency handling this disease: first sitting of patients admitted with severe illness in the legs will be sitting down and use a soft cloth band ligation rotation of the three limbs in the limbs, and every five minutes for a physical扎, the aim is to reduce output Rhodobryum roseum, reduce heart burden, to gain time to do further Jisong hospital diagnosis and treatment.

Early bronchial asthma

Allergic asthma is a disease, About half of the genetic and found mostly in the Constitution are allergic people. Have common antigen pollen, dust, fur, dander, drugs, and so with irritating odor. Bronchial asthma and bronchitis, emphysema considerable contact more difficult for self-diagnosis, according to the following types of symptoms can be judged: ① cough, chest tightness, sneezing. ② suddenly felt difficulty in breathing, accompanied by asthma, short breath, vomit white bubble-shaped sputum. ③ inspiratory still relatively smooth, but it is very difficult to breath. ④ asthma attack continued for more than 24 hours, when there will be serious end of the limbs and lips Fazi, called cyanosis. ⑤ a cold sweat, and even collapse. ⑥ asthma intermittent period, generally asymptomatic. On the above ② - ④ items such as a can, on those, which can be diagnosed as asthma, and ⑤ ① items for reference only. Bronchial asthma and cardiac asthma should be differentiated, the former mainly to breathing difficulties, was particularly prevalent in young people, normal blood pressure, and the latter inspiratory and expiratory feel difficulties in the elderly more, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and other symptoms . After suffering from bronchial asthma more difficult to have long-term effective treatment programmes. In the pathogenesis bed rest should be taken semi-sitting position, maintaining a peaceful environment, health, stimulate avoid allergies. In the treatment of asthma medicine in general can be applied, such as ephedrine, epinephrine, ammonia tea large base, such as salbutamol Ling. The collapse patients must be promptly rehydration syrup appropriate edible salt to prevent dehydration. Yes - not the typical kind of bronchial asthma, performance to dry cough, chest tightness mainly dyspnea not obvious, not even dyspnea, but also heard Asthma ring. It also voted the incidence of the seasonal, can be repeated attack. Especially when the inhalation of soot, irritating gas, dust, cold air will lead after the paroxysmal cough, and chest tightness. Not only because of cough asthma, could easily be mistaken for bronchitis. However, although these patients spent a lot of expectorant cough medicine and antimicrobial drugs, will not be improved if the use of aminophylline the treatment of asthma, such as drug salbutamol Ling, a marked effect. According to clinical manifestations, such typical bronchial asthma is not uncommon, it is worth attention. For longer repeated coughing, accompanied by chest tightness, particularly at night obvious patients in the treatment ineffective by bronchitis, may wish to try such as asthma drug aminophylline clothes, if effective, then this may very well be a typical bronchial asthma.

Necrosis of the femoral head in patients with attention to what

Because osteonecrosis of the femoral head within the hip higher pressure, so patients with necrosis of the femoral head should not be too long to stand or walk hip this will increase the pressure. But also to carry out a more relaxed outdoor activities. Correct because the movement is conducive to promoting necrosis of the femoral head regeneration and repair, it could improve hip function, ease muscle cramps, pain relief. Necrosis of the femoral head in patients with crutches should walk bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head between your crutches to help walking. If conditions allow good physical condition with Geqi bicycle or tricycle to adhere to a daily outdoor activities. "Sun" because the "sun" in the skin and in vivo synthesis of vitamin D, vitamin D can promote the body's calcium and phosphorus absorption, and reduce bone calcium, phosphorus content loss, the maintenance of bone mass in the femoral head, and promote necrosis bone repair and regeneration is a good, but it should be noted that in the course of activities to prevent falls, fractures caused by necrosis of the femoral head hip activities restricted, bone fragility, reduced ability to respond, a fracture easily. Necrosis of the femoral head in the bed with a few simple exercises, because simple exercise can improve the function of the hip joint activities to increase the scope of activities hip, femoral head at the same time reduce blood pressure, improve blood circulation femoral head. Ease the hip and thigh muscle spasm, thereby reducing the pain caused by muscle spasm. Promoting hip aseptic inflammation around the absorption. Lifting around adhesion. Necrosis of the femoral head in patients with severe exercise too difficult, too tired, can be more comfortable, such as lying on the bed, legs lift truck movements do Takong, knee or lower There are hands, extremely knees joints, hip flexor to the greatest extent. But not excessive, and should be able to endure for the degree.

Why easy recurrence of cervical disease

In the clinical treatment of cervical disease process, there will be times when some of the patients with repeated treatment, some of the time interval few years, but some are as short as a few months; and these patients because of repeated attacks, often do not feel happy. Why, then, cervical spondylosis easy to relapse? The major reasons are:
(1) of the cervical spine from the perspective of anatomical and physiological perspective. Cervical thoracic and lumbar spine than the activities of larger, high-frequency activities. For cervical flexion to extension, about Zeque, about Cezhuai, such as the direction of rotation of movement, and the support structure cervical thoracic and lumbar spine than weak. Thoracic a thoracic, and lumbar muscle back there in the pelvis, such as a certain degree of support. In addition, after the cervical vertebral joints structure than the thoracic, lumbar weak, it is also more stability in the thoracic, lumbar poor. High activity and low stability once the loss of coordination and balance, that is, activities over the neck or neck instability induced by certain factors, which will result in the recurrence of cervical disease.
(2) As many cervical spondylosis and pathological changes of nerve, blood vessels and other closely related, such as bone degeneration is often irreversible. When pathological changes affecting the intervertebral foramen, transverse holes, as these anatomical characteristics of the site itself (vertebral artery through the transverse spinal vertebrae other hole is not), will enable the clinical symptoms is very obvious. Therefore, the local minor pathological changes that can cause or aggravate symptoms, it is easy to clinical recurrence of cervical disease one of the reasons why.
(3) from the biomechanical point of view. Once in a segmental degeneration, and from a bone hyperplasia causes brake, its adjacent vertebral Festival biomechanical load there will be corresponding changes in time for a long time, the festival will also occur adjacent vertebral degeneration. For example: 4-5 or 5-6 cervical produce bone, ligament calcification, and other serious degeneration, activity decreased after. Corresponding section 2-4, 6 1 7 cervical will also be corresponding changes. Posterior stretch, the pressure and cervical distortion of the largest bear part will be transferred to the No. 4 or above the cervical vertebral flexion, then dropped to 6-7 vertebrae. With this degeneration and the biomechanics of changes, but also a recurrence of cervical disease basis. Particularly in the cervical fusion surgery after the recurrence of the problem, this change in the biomechanical factors may be even more important.
(4) bad posture and position have not been corrected, or recurrent inflammation of the throat, tiredness, head and neck sprain, and so did not timely processing and treatment, symptoms improved after treatment or not thorough, not effect the consolidation will lead to relapse. In the high incidence of cervical spondylosis of the crowd, work and sleep in the posture is bad posture and cervical disease-induced hardship, and if the treatment has not improved working conditions, sleep position, then it is inevitable recurrence of cervical disease.
Of course, should not be overlooked because of the disease in patients with self-awareness and attention. Recurrence of those easy cervical spondylosis, the majority can not adhere to formal treatment; intermittent treatment, not law; symptoms eased slightly automatically abandon the treatment effects are not consolidated; do not follow your doctor's instructions, after the end of treatment, we can persist in self-training or correct bad habits, which are undoubtedly lead to a recurrence of cervical disease. Indeed, the reasons for this situation is not entirely subjective does not want to cure patients, and indeed the work of busy tired. However, we advise patients, even busy, we should also point out of time to adjust, like the rest.

How hepatitis A prognosis

All of a hepatitis A virus had infected people, whether children or adults who are susceptible. However, as with the hepatitis A virus infection and the socio-economic situation is closely related to personal hygiene habits, it was our country, under the age of 15 children and young people most vulnerable to hepatitis A, because of the disease, was lasting immunity, to adulthood, to reduce suffering from hepatitis A, the elderly less. Hepatitis A generally good prognosis, easier recovery, is a self-limited disease. In nurseries and kindergartens, children infected with hepatitis A clinical symptoms appear small in fulminant hepatic failure are fewer. Recalling WHO data indicate that clinical symptoms of jaundice and mortality were increased with increasing age and children less than young adults, and even lower than the elderly. At present, most scholars believe that although a few cases of hepatitis A can occur clinical, biochemical indications of persistent recurrence of chronic pathological examination, but will not become a chronic liver disease. Only within the last six months in the infants of hepatitis A were heavier conditions, the mortality rate was higher than that of older children. There are reports within 6 months of hospitalization of children Hepatitis A Hepatitis A heavy 70% and the mortality of about 50 percent of other older persons (60 years or over) in patients with hepatitis A and complications are also heavy, dead rate of 10%, but whether young or old, liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis A are very rare.

Drug treatment of hepatitis

(1) immediately stop using the drugs that damage the liver.
(2) general treatment with other causes of acute and chronic hepatitis same, such as timely breaks to high-calorie, high-protein diet, if bleeding, liver coma should be bleeding, liver coma treatment.
(3) added B vitamins and vitamin C, plus a bleeding tendency vitamin K.
(4) special treatment as far as possible the role of Pharmacy, such as hepatitis caused by isoniazid can be more doses of vitamin B6 static point.
(5) allergies, jaundice deeper, and the illness was serious, corticosteroids can be used until after the gradual reductions to reduce illness.
(6) cholestasis type of patients with biliary elimination of phenobarbital and in the treatment of jaundice, can be re-Chinese Yinzhihuang treatment.

And the types of asthma complications

Asthma complications
Bronchial asthma is common respiratory disease, can occur at any age, but more than half in the 12 years before onset, the incidence of adult men and women generally similar. Children with asthma after treatment or to adult can complete remission, but there are also half of sustainable development, a lot of complications, prevention must be early.
Bronchus and lung infection Currently recognized respiratory infection can stimulate and increase bronchial asthma attack, and easily secondary bronchial and lung infection. Therefore, in patients with bronchial asthma-ping said should focus on improving the immune function, the prevention of influenza and respiratory shading to maintain patency to reduce infection. If it has been merged bronchial and lung infection, bacterial culture and should be based on the choice of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility positive control, and application of this anti-asthmatic drugs are equally important.
Atelectasis Bronchial asthma attack increased secretions, sputum smears, but also bronchial spasm induced by obstructive airway mucus suppository in atelectasis. Prevention is the key to prevention suppository obstructive airway mucus, and its methods are: 1, and more drinking water, sufficient water to maintain the body to avoid viscous sputum; 2, enhanced care, assistance to stand up and shoot back help Reiner; 3, as far as possible asthma attack reduce mouth respiration; 4, viscous sputum may be granted if the expectorant drug or saline aerosol inhalation, 2% -4% bicarbonate satisfied that the net easily, such as sputum.
Mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax Lower incidence, or about 5%, due to airway obstruction caused by excessive swelling or alveolar lung bullae formation, if alveolar pressure too high, such as severe cough, expectoration, head of forced alveolar rupture, the gas into the chest and abdominal subcutaneous Organization mediastinum caused pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, and life-threatening. By clearing the airway secretions and disarmament bronchial spasm, avoid excessive alveolar pressure, can play a preventive role. One and a pneumothorax, pleural drainage gas immediately, serious mediastinal emphysema feasible cut exhaust treatment.
Respiratory failure severe asthma As inadequate ventilation, infection, treatment improper, inappropriate medication, as well as with atelectasis and pulmonary edema, may trigger respiratory failure, bronchial asthma treatment more difficult. To address predisposing factor early, in the prevention of respiratory failure.
Water and electrolyte and acid-base disorders Bronchial asthma excessive mouth breathing, sweating, dehydration, long-term use of ammonia tea pH, and so on, easy with water, electrolyte and acid-base disorders. In the course of treatment should be ready to monitor electrolytes and blood gas analysis, unusual promptly corrected. In the process of not so drastically as to cause iatrogenic water, electrolyte and acid-base disorders. Gastroesophageal reflux gastroesophageal reflux can cause asthma, asthma can also cause stomach reflux, the two form a vicious cycle of mutual influence. Therefore, the anti-acid, heartburn patients with bronchial asthma as soon as possible the examination, diagnosis after anti-reflux drugs (H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, gastrointestinal motility agent) treatment.
COPD, pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale For the long-term complications of bronchial asthma, the domestic rate of 4.4% in the report. And the incidence of bronchial asthma caused by repeated airway obstruction, infection, lack of oxygen, acidosis, hypercapnia and blood viscosity increased, and other relevant. Prevention is the key to active control of bronchial asthma and reduce attacks, should improve the diagnosis of respiratory and circulatory functions.
Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is the body of a response to long-term hypoxia, its incidence in the general population in our country about 3% -9%. Pulmonary hypertension mainly for drug nifedipine, Captopril, tapazole, should not use diuretics, reserpine, Jiangyaling and glucocorticoid. Propranolol and other banned a β-blocker.
Tuberculosis Lead to long-term use of glucocorticoids immune dysfunction induced by tuberculosis, TB symptoms appear. At this point and not abuse of glucocorticoid. Local advocates of the current activity, and strong penetration of the fat-soluble glucocorticoid bispropanenitrile times such as betamethasone, with its small dose, spasm effect, and side effects. If the merger tuberculosis, hormones should be used at the same time strengthen the anti-tuberculosis treatment, the use of a range of 6-8 months of therapy.
Other complications of asthma complications including allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, children stunted and thoracic deformity, constipation or diarrhea and gastrointestinal dysfunction performance. Should be given adequate attention, if that should be timely treatment.

What are the symptoms of asthma paroxysmal

Paroxysmal asthma attack asthma for the type of one. And early childhood asthma often paroxysmal mainly, the annual number of small attacks, such as the prevention, control poor, or poor health, the annual increase in the number of attacks, reduce mitigation, chronic seizures. The main facts are as follows: (1) difficulty in breathing: Most of paroxysmal asthma suddenly the sky, and not necessarily threatened period, largely on the basis of the allergic reaction, due to the cold, some irritating gas inhalation, exercise, sleep or crying after the sudden awakening and the attack. Attack, a choking flu symptoms, chest might be witherite by pressure, not supine, and often forced to sit respiratory patients, the first to Jianfu, shoulders Songqi, thus shoring lap or table. To continue to develop such as asthma, bronchospasm Worse still, even breathing difficulties. Breath long inspiratory short of breath can be three times longer than inspiratory, accompanied by loud and high Wheezing tone. Breath when patients often feel more difficult. Fine bronchospasm such as extended time, the residual alveolar gas excessive, then the circulation and gas exchange and the lack of oxygen, patients looking gloomy, lips, nails cyanosis, limbs Jueling, sweating, pulse breakdown, dizziness, a forehead sweat, and mental stress. Especially those suffering from asthma status due to the fear, tension in the spirit of bronchial spasm thus even more so vicious circle, the more severe asthma. (2) cough, expectoration: paroxysmal asthma caused by allergies, asthma is exogenous, early onset of cough little less sputum volume. Condition February 3 days later, more cough, sputum volume increased sputum color white, bubble, thick as glue, it is not easy Kachu, and contains small crystal-like particles to disease before the end of sputum loose, or spit out Huang After the termination of sputum attack. The infection caused by paroxysmal asthma or allergy symptoms such as its pioneer of bronchitis, often caused by coughing and asthma. The infection was yellow-green sputum. If infection was controlled by the yellow-green sputum transmitted white, and from thick to thin, from a multitude gradually reduce, asthma has gradually eased. (3) chest pain: asthma heavier, more time may be a long time chest pain, respiratory muscle fatigue may be related to the concurrent pneumothorax, can be suddenly appeared more obvious side chest pain. (4) other symptoms: Some patients, particularly the attack heavier children and youth patients, asthma, vomiting, or even, urine incontinence, and may be related to autonomic dysfunction. Sustained severe asthma attack, but also had neurological, psychiatric symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, anxiety and pathological behavior, he was vague, drowsiness, coma. Merger fever infection can be. After the attack there are fatigue, weakness systemic symptoms.

Older clinical manifestations of deafness

Normal tympanic membrane, a middle-aged after the two ears of symmetric sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus Treble with a pre-3000 Hz started to decline gradually spread to 4000 ~ 6000 Hz IF, and also because of the basement membrane rupture sudden loss of high-frequency sound. General conversation men than women and children sound easy to understand language, pure tone audiometry in accordance with the above four pathological changes, there are ups and downs, declining different curve sensorineural deafness, language recognition rate differential, the sound bad. Bunch (1931) found that the growth of human hearing loss with age is increasing year on year. 1957 United States Wisconsin Hearing Research Center, has made a standard curve of elderly deaf, plans can be found in the normal hearing a certain age profile of this figure shows more than 70 ~ 90-year-old hearing relatively stable.

Drug clinical manifestations of deafness

Children and adults taking Ototoxic drugs, the auditory nerve damage, mainly in the following several aspects of symptoms: 1, headaches, dizziness, hearing loss after taking Ototoxic drugs, Just begun to attract the auditory nerve damage, it may have headaches, dizziness, the symptoms of tinnitus, and ear Wengwengweng sound is generally a bilateral nature. If a timely manner this time out ototoxicity drug treatment or adopting some measures, perhaps also effective rehabilitation. If not promptly treated, even if the drug stops, these symptoms will be aggravated. Some of them. The occurrence of sudden deafness, these symptoms beforehand. May not pay attention to their own children, may also damage the auditory nerve symptoms progress quickly in the short special stage. 2, hearing loss, deafness? Often seen in the headache, dizziness, the symptoms of tinnitus, a hearing loss, can be only the beginning of high-frequency voice of hearing loss, gradually on the low-frequency hearing voices will fall. Hearing loss, deafness can be a period of medication, but also to stop in a few months, after a few years. 3, vertigo and dizziness of vertigo than to serious and committed to giving Tianxuandezhuai feeling. Said earlier, anatomy, and the auditory nerve is vestibular together. Damage to the auditory nerve drug may also damage the vestibular nerve caused dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. These symptoms can occur in medication or second day, three days, but also may occur later, there will be serious instability in standing, walking at the pace of instability, such as lack of co-ordination on both sides of limb movements. Children and adults taking Ototoxic drugs, the auditory nerve damage, mainly in the following several aspects of symptoms: 1, headaches, dizziness, hearing loss after taking Ototoxic drugs, Just begun to attract the auditory nerve damage, it may have headaches, dizziness, the symptoms of tinnitus, and ear Wengwengweng sound is generally a bilateral nature. If a timely manner this time out ototoxicity drug treatment or adopting some measures, perhaps also effective rehabilitation. If not promptly treated, even if the drug stops, these symptoms will be aggravated. Some of them. The occurrence of sudden deafness, these symptoms beforehand. May not pay attention to their own children, may also damage the auditory nerve symptoms progress quickly in the short special stage. 2, hearing loss, deafness? Often seen in the headache, dizziness, the symptoms of tinnitus, a hearing loss, can be only the beginning of high-frequency voice of hearing loss, gradually on the low-frequency hearing voices will fall. Hearing loss, deafness can be a period of medication, but also to stop in a few months, after a few years. 3, vertigo and dizziness of vertigo than to serious and committed to giving Tianxuandezhuai feeling. Said earlier, anatomy, and the auditory nerve is vestibular together. Damage to the auditory nerve drug may also damage the vestibular nerve caused dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. These symptoms can occur in medication or second day, three days, but also may occur later, there will be serious instability in standing, walking at the pace of instability, such as lack of co-ordination on both sides of limb movements.