Endometriosis can change this vicious?

Endometriosis vicious little changed, changed to more malignant ovarian endometriosis in the cyst, it abhorrent into endometrial adenocarcinoma, or clear cell carcinoma. Endometriosis Although rarely malignant transformation, but it is a vicious acts that can be disseminated through a number of ways throughout the body. Therefore, the regular census is very important, especially those of women and the symptoms of mild endometriosis, should carry out regular inspection and treatment.

In the endometriosis can fertility?

According to the same internal and external statistics, about about half of endometriosis patients suffering from infertility at the same time. With the increased incidence of disease, endometriosis has become the main cause infertility. So had endometriosis, there are no fertility, has become the majority of patients eager to understand the problem. Endometriosis Why will cause infertility »are still a mystery. Infertile women in general there are two main reasons. One more, see the fallopian tubes closed, blocking the sperm and egg join the channel, followed by endocrine problems and not because of ovulation function. But these two aspects can not explain the reasons for all of endometriosis patients with infertility. Because such patients generally menstrual regularity, normal ovulation, and through the fallopian tube inspection, that the majority of Luanguan is open, however, in the surgery or laparoscopy, can often be visible for weeks, including tubal part of the umbrella-adhesion Therefore people tend to endometriosis of the sterile, interpreted as adhesions caused by tubal dysfunction, and these subtle changes may affect the function of the egg collection and operation, thus impeding the moment of conception. In addition, there may be some of the immune or endocrine factors. For this reason the desire of young patients with birth, the current treatment goal, not only to eliminate the spread in the pelvic endometriosis lesions, but also as far as possible resumption of reproductive function. Application of hormones the drug and surgical treatment of endometriosis, may improve the patient's ability to conceive. Is generally believed that, after false pregnancy therapy, about 30 percent of cases of pregnancy after treatment. After a previously mentioned the so-called conservative surgery, as far as possible in the removal of endometriosis lesions, as well as the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries release around the adhesion January 1, and carefully wound repair, to reduce the adhesion again, after Pregnancy up to 50 percent. Therefore, these young patients, such as pelvic there are obvious cysts or nodules, and more inclined to promptly carry out a conservative operation, to provide patients with a higher chance of conception. While this post-operative relapse rate relatively high, but an urgent requirement that women in childbirth, or worth the try.

Endometriosis in the differential diagnosis

(A) of uterine fibroids Uterus has increased to varying degrees, especially intramural uterine fibroids and uterine muscle adenoma difficult to distinguish between gynaecological examinations alone. But the history of uterine fibroids without dysmenorrhea and cyclical history of abdominal pain. (B) of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease Pelvic inflammatory disease in patients with chronic pain not only limited to the menstrual period, usually have pain and inflammation may arise repeatedly attack the history of effective anti-inflammatory treatment, but anti-inflammatory treatment of endometriosis is invalid. All the attention needed for the diagnosis of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease perishable Needless to treatment of symptoms, should consider the possibility of endometriosis. (C) malignant pelvic In addition to ovarian cancer in the uterus next to palpable and fixed solid mass, may also be within reach in the pelvic scattered in the transfer of nodules, thus easy to endometriosis mixed; rectal endometriosis in addition to blood in the stool, can still reach Lumps and easy misdiagnosed as cancer. However, cancer patients generally poor physical condition has developed rapidly, as persistent pain, has nothing to do with the menstrual cycle. Where the diagnosis is not clear, particularly of suspected malignant, early diagnosis laparotomy.

How to prevent uterine prolapse

The uterus from the vagina along the normal location of decline, cervical spine, I was ischium below, or even all of uterine prolapse in the vagina extraoral, known as uterine prolapse. According to prolapse degree of severity, can be divided into three, if the downward movement of the uterus, uterine pre-mouth, although lower than the ischium spine, is still within the vagina, to a degree. If the vagina from the cervix has extraoral, the uterus is still in the vagina, is 11 degrees. If the entire uterine prolapse have vaginal extraoral, Ill of uterine prolapse is often caused by a combination of factors. Delivery, to come to a Bongchang, radical production, stagnation of production, particularly difficult vaginal surgery are likely to yield uterine ligament, next to the uterus and pelvic floor muscles and the fascia over-stretching or tearing. If do not pay attention to post-natal health care, these organizations "production injury" bad resume, it will affect entrusted with the uterus, uterine prolapse in future become a major factor. Postpartum as often supine, the support organization is lax and often backward-dumping uterus. After dumping the results of the uterus to the vagina and uterus shaft axis line, to create the conditions for uterine prolapse. Postpartum such as the premature to participate in heavy physical labour, or a chronic cough, habitual constipation, or engaged in long-term investment, work stations, forcing abdominal pressure increases, the downward shift from the uterus. Uterine muscle weeping often occur in old age, or in postmenopausal Fangshi intensified, it is because old age, estrogen levels drop, uterine contraction and support the organization because of the lack of tension. Similarly, physical weakness or congenital anomalies of the pelvic floor women's organizations, even young, unmarried, not pregnant uterine prolapse may occur. Peritoneal pull down the uterus, and pelvic ligament organizations will inevitably cause acid waist and falling flu and exhaustion, walking and heavier. When illness heavier. There seems to be a conscious from the block of vaginal prolapse, long points, cough, defecation or labour, more pieces of prolapse, bed rest after the retraction smaller. As the illness progress, extrusion block of gradually increasing, and no longer automatic retraction, to be satisfied with their hands pushing, finally, even on a stand up from the outside. Prolapse of the block that is the cervix, the long-term exposure overseas, often by the friction change mast and easy to damage, infection or ulceration and secretion of bloody pus-like fluid. Uterine prolapse, the urethra and bladder variable-pressure, often accompanied frequency, dysuria, urine retention or incontinence. Uterine prolapse, due to obstacles in the blood circulation, Yu uterine blood, often menorrhagia. Uterine prolapse entirely preventable. The key lies midwives should correctly handle the delivery process, timely detection and careful production, repair and organizations at the end of the pelvic injury; maternal I should pay attention to labor and postpartum health. Childbirth, maternal But we must do, however, and in force as early as next Bongchang. After delivery, should be sufficient rest; often change prone position; attention to nutrition, physical weakness more attention should be paid to conditioning; active gymnastics to exercise pelvic floor muscle and abdominal muscles; avoid premature and excessive homemakers with the manual. Post-natal check, if found uterine reset poor, to Zunyi Zhu correct. For patients with chronic cough and constipation habits of women, should be actively treated. The treatment of uterine prolapse many ways. Prolapse degree of light, can be acupuncture, internal and external use Chinese medicine, such as uterine care treatment. Prolapse degree of weight, the only way to solve surgery.

Traumatic brain injury and epilepsy is related to

Epilepsy is a brain injury caused in one of the important factors. Domestic information reports, epilepsy, brain trauma caused as much as 14% to 45%, in a short time, a few hours or immediately attack, the elderly in January within the (early epilepsy), and even years after the (late epilepsy). Under normal circumstances, the degree of brain damage more severe, the possibility of epilepsy in the greater openness of brain injury than the epilepsy closed head injury rate was high, subdural penetrating injury than a single brain damage occurred in the epilepsy , A disturbance of consciousness than the unconscious obstacles for the high incidence of epilepsy, generally speaking, any part of the brain damage can cause epilepsy, and movement to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala damage caused the highest incidence of epilepsy. On the type of attack, and the location of the injury, a common major attack, attack limitations, small attacks, seizures and mental movement autonomic seizures, and so on.

And intracranial infection is related to epilepsy

Intracranial infection by the bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, such as a cause of inflammatory diseases, the brain can cause varying degrees of damage, caused by the onset of epilepsy. The more common are tuberculous meningitis, sporadic encephalitis, brain abscess, intracranial infection rate of epilepsy was 18% to 62%, the incidence time in more than 1 weeks after the onset of 1.5 years, the degree of severity of the illness The incidence of epilepsy has obvious implications for the common type of attack the attack, followed by the limitations of seizures, myoclonic seizures, a small number of patients in attack with disturbance of consciousness.

Suffering from epilepsy should be how do

Should be clear, seizures often indicates that there may be a serious brain lesions. The repeated epileptic seizures can cause serious and irreversible brain damage. So, when a person had epilepsy, should be conditional to the hospital so that early diagnosis and early treatment. First, the doctor should provide accurate and detailed history of information, including seizures before the onset of the attack after the frequency of seizures, trigger factors, and since the attack (including during the attack demonstrated the psychological, behavior, intelligence, etc. Area) situation. Of course, the order can be accurately recorded more accurate and reliable and can avoid a long interval caused by the omission of memory, the scene could have been avoided because insiders can not affect the reliability of history. Second, the majority of clinical epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome diagnosis often is not the first attack will be able to determine, first, because of disease and epilepsy similar to many of the often difficult to identify the other on its own terms, also the type of epilepsy Many, it is difficult to accurately decide which type is. At the same time, in the diagnosis of the process, some of the supporting inspection is also indispensable, EEG is necessary to be done, the diagnosis confirmed, the choice should be a targeted anti-epileptic drugs, dosage should be a small dose, Combining condition is gradually increasing doses. Because the medicines have side effects, but also between individual patients with the drug is not the same degree of sensitivity, this dose can be accurately, but also to maximize avoid drug side effects. Of course, small dose of the beginning, a very good start may not be able to control seizures, but as long as the combination of illness, and in strict accordance with the doctor's orders medication, most of the final will be an ideal effect. Hu Luantou Yi can not avoid. Third, many anti-epileptic drug, and the pharmacological properties of various drugs and indications are not the same, patients are often not on the sensitivity of the same drug. So the bad effects after treatment, long after the administration or effect of a decrease, the doctor should be under the guidance of medication, should not be modified or replaced free of drug. Of course, it is best to select high efficacy, toxicity on the drugs. At the same time, due to Epilepsy is a chronic disease, we must adhere to long-term, the use of this treatment is very important. Fourth, the anti-epileptic drugs have different degrees of toxicity, as patients must clear their medication side effects and contraindications. In the course of treatment in addition to some confrontational or preventive drugs, we must also conduct regular inspections accordingly. Fifth, for pediatric patients and patients with lower intelligence and elderly patients speaking, except for a few points above, should also avoid excessive medication, to avoid the accident.

Surgical treatment of the effects of epilepsy

Epilepsy workers at home and abroad after decades of efforts, the majority of epilepsy patients can control the drug to do, but there are still nearly 20 percent of epilepsy patients despite the positive regular medication, seizures can not be properly controlled. Some of these cases require surgery. Different causes and different types of epilepsy, a different procedure, treatment results are also different. Many epilepsy patients surgical resection of lesions after the nerve function of the spirit of Hou greatly improved. Temporal lobe after attack if the disease under control, often take the initiative to demand work. Hemisphere resection, preoperative invasive acts and forced disappearance of symptoms become more Qun, thus pre-school children can re-admission. Many spiritual movement attack patients have decreased sexual desire, after the multi-temporal lobe resection resume. While women become more docile. Stereotactic surgery patients after the attack as the control or reduction, have different degrees of mental, social adaptability, ability and intelligence to improve. In short, all kinds of surgical treatment of epilepsy drugs can those long-term medical treatment beyond the control of patients have seizures 1 / 3 of full control and no longer medication, 1 / 3 of patients attacks decreased significantly. Therefore, the surgical treatment of epilepsy may be an effective treatment methods. Many current domestic large and medium-sized hospitals have carried out the surgery for epilepsy

Out the error of epilepsy treatment

Mistakes one: taking a few months of good symptom control, the misconception that "I have been cured of the disease", can no longer medication, and relapse after withdrawal. To know that epilepsy is abnormal discharge of neurons results. And abnormal discharge is due to brain tissue by the physical, chemical factors of a brain injury and "unhealthy" to restore brain tissue state is the need of drug rehabilitation, nutrition, and so the role of the slow, and this requires time, is by no means solve overnight, Therefore, medication, according to doctor's request, the letter of the implementation of drug plans. Mistakes two: Some patients taking a very short time, the symptoms did not fully control symptoms or control is not satisfactory, regardless of the view that such drugs, no effect, abandoned the treatment or to other service-type drugs. This not only delayed the treatment time, causing economic waste. To know that a drug to achieve therapeutic purposes depends on the following factors: 1, indications of drugs, 2, the effective drug in the blood concentration of 3, the role of drug channels. "The epileptic health" is its role in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine principle not - kind, is to make the role of Chinese medicine in the environment, that is, Xifeng for epilepsy, Xingnao Kaiqiao to achieve therapeutic purposes, but Western medicine is a direct suppression neurons symptoms of abnormal discharge Brought under control. Therefore, taking "the epileptic health" in a machine - a transformation process, this transformation process is a change machine in the lack of coordination within the environment, it is necessary to gradually achieve an effective drug in the blood concentration, so the need for - the time of gradual and orderly progress . Mistakes three: clothes "for epileptic health" a few months symptoms have been stable, with a sudden onset, patients mistakenly believe that the earlier medication is wasted. This is not correct understanding, because "for epileptic health" treatment of the body-conditioning is not within the normal environment, since not Fan Bing, is a conditioning effect, but the machine in the environment is still not in a normal state, when the external environment role, Occasional attacks, is a normal phenomenon, as long as continue to use it. Mistakes four: suffering from epilepsy Jikou too much Some people think that a lot of food may lead to epilepsy, and therefore the patients have many restrictions. Some of them even not allowed to eat meat, eggs, shrimp, which are not scientifically based. Epilepsy patients with ordinary people, should be the order of the day eating, and food should be diversified, rice, pasta, fat, lean meat, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables, fish, shrimp, and so should eat that diet without any taboos , But to remember eating a law, not Puyinpushi, sometimes the hunger-induced epilepsy will Guobao, tobacco, wine, tea, coffee, chocolate can induce seizures, the need for taboo.

What are advised to surgery for epilepsy

Epilepsy drug therapy is the preferred treatment for patients, but for those who use drugs to control the stubborn and intractable epilepsy patients may consider surgery, but the need for strict treatment of surgical indications, clear and stable Dian Xianzao. Surgery is the choice of targets: ① intractable epilepsy patients; ② partial seizures in patients; ③ can surgical resection of the encephalopathy rational change; ④ the age of 14 to 40 years of age; ⑤ not less than 60 IQ points in children with. Surgical treatment will enable about 50 percent of patients stop the attack or reduce the attack, but patients still taking anti-epileptic drugs 1-2 years, in the absence of seizures, EEG normal only after the gradual reduction, and some Parts of the surgery also may be hemiplegia, Pianmang, aphasia, such as postoperative complications, whether to adopt the necessary surgery for strict compliance with the indications and surgical operation indications. The young age of brain development is not yet mature and there are obvious symptoms, such as paranoid maniac, depression, schizophrenia and patients, such as IQ below 60 points, it is not appropriate to consider surgery.

How to rule cerebrovascular trigger epileptic

Cerebrovascular diseases associated with seizures, the general condition prompted heavier, the prognosis is poor. Cerebrovascular disease caused seizures in the acute phase should pay attention to the treatment of disease. With the general condition improved, epilepsy can terminate the attack. A very small number of patients will appear regularly attack and sometimes a continuous attack, known as status epilepticus. To have epilepsy patients, taking phenytoin 0.1 g, three times a day. If the bad effects, may increase with carbamazepine 0.1 g, three times a day. The status epilepticus, emergency rescue measures should be taken to terminate the attack as soon as possible. Available in 10 mg and stability of 5 to 10 minutes of direct intravenous injection. When necessary, every 15 to 20 minutes to repeat applications, the total may not exceed 30 mg. Amobarbital sodium or 0.5 to 0.75 grams dissolved in water for injection in 10 ml slow intravenous injection. According to the patient's breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and seizures, control injection speed. Respiratory depression appears to be to stop the phenomenon application.

Children suffering from acute pharyngitis should pay attention to what

Children as the body's immune system is not perfect, weak immunity, suffering from acute pharyngitis disease than adults, weight, clinical manifestations are more obvious. Therefore, patients with timely medical treatment, on time and rational drug use, with special attention to care. To give children to drink boiled water, eating to light, Qin gargle with salt water desalination, and ensure adequate sleep reduction activities, indoor air to be fresh and moist, and closely observe the changes in children's condition to prevent acute pharyngitis caused by the nose and throat , Trachea, bronchi and lungs, ear infection, and so complicated. Certain acute infectious diseases, such as measles, chicken pox, scarlet fever, and so often the precursors of the performance of similar acute pharyngitis, parents should pay attention to fever 1-2 in the future, children with skin and oral mucosa whether the characteristics of the tongue, and there Banzhen Yangmei whether tongue-like changes so as to avoid misdiagnosis.

Chronic pharyngitis needed antibiotics?

Pharyngeal mucosa for chronic pharyngitis, submucosal and lymphoid tissue of chronic inflammation. Its main causes for the repeated acute pharyngitis, sinus and nasal secretions stimulate the inflammatory nasopharynx, tonsil direct spread of chronic inflammation, excessive alcohol and tobacco, dust and harmful gases, such as the stimulation and like to eat food such as irritation. In addition, certain systemic diseases such as anaemia, trachea diseases, such as liver and kidney disease patients are susceptible to the disease. Slow the symptoms of patients with pharyngitis diverse. Different patients symptoms vary, the main symptoms are Yangan, throat discomfort, foreign body sensation, Yang Gan, burning sense, but also a micro-throat pain. Swallowing pain, acute attack may be more intense during the pharyngodynia. As often than the posterior pharyngeal sticky secretions stimulate, some patients appear Chen Qi irritating cough, when the morning to get up and brush their teeth particularly evident, with nausea. Chronic pharyngitis use of antibiotics in general do not need treatment, not because of chronic pharyngitis bacterial infection. However, the out-patient, diagnosed as chronic pharyngitis many patients insist that doctors give antibiotic treatment, some patients even on their own to pharmacies to buy antibiotics use. This abuse of Lan Fu harmful antibiotics and unhelpful. Because of the abuse of antibiotics may lead to the throat of the normal flora imbalance, caused Erzhongganran. In addition, every kind of systemic antibiotics have side effects. The abuse of antibiotics can cause harm to humans. At the same time, the abuse of antibiotics can also cause bacterial resistance. The treatment of chronic pharyngitis against major causes, such as quitting smoking abstinence, the treatment of acute pharyngitis and a positive nasal, sinus and tonsil of chronic inflammation, improve the working and living environment and avoid the dust and harmful gases to stimulate. Enhance training to enhance physical fitness, the prevention of influenza. For patients Yangan, pharyngodynia choice of a number of tablets, such as, in films, coral grass tablet, silver yellow tablet, Metalor odd tablets, watermelon cream tablet, so as to reduce or lift symptoms can also choose the Kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, such as 000 should capsule, Li Qingyan particle jets, a Capsule, 10 flavor gentian flowers particles. If suffering from chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, Yangan, pharynx foreign body sensation obviously, the laser can be at times, frozen or electrocautery treatment. It should be noted that, chronic pharyngitis easily repeated, symptoms often occur in fatigue, Shouliang, excessive alcohol and tobacco, into the irritation of food, climate mutation and the cold air inhalation. Then the patient Yangan, pharyngodynia even more, some patients have fever and throat mucous membrane that regular inspections of acute congestion, swelling, blood checks increased leukocyte, neutrophil percentage increase. At this time, under the guidance of doctors in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment or drug sensitivity tests in accordance with the appropriate antibiotic therapy selection 3-5 days, acute symptoms disappeared immediately after the withdrawal. At the same time, patients need to rest, eat and the water flow juice diet.

The cause of acute pharyngitis and clinical performance is what?

Acute pharyngitis is pharyngeal mucosa, the mucosal tissue and lymph tissue of acute inflammation. Cause: (1) transmission of the virus: through droplets and close contact transmission, to Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus up. (2) bacterial infection: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae oriented. (3) physical and chemical factors: high temperatures such as dust, smoke, irritating gases. (4) physical and genetic factors. Clinical manifestations: acute onset, at the beginning of throat dry, hot, then pain, swallowing saliva, pharyngodynia often more obvious than when eating; can be associated with fever, headache, loss of appetite and limb pain; invasion and throat, With a cough and hoarseness. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal mucosa was acute congestive, palate arch, hanging Yong Chui edema, and the posterior pharyngeal lymphoid follicles bands also see swelling, or in the lymphoid follicles in the yellow-white point of leakage; submaxillary Swollen lymph nodes and tenderness, involving the epiglottis can be re-pyo and epiglottis Nailfold, in edema.

What is the renal interstitial nephritis? How is it diagnosed ?

Tubulointerstitial an interstitial nephritis is a large group from various causes of kidney disease. Major violations of renal disease and kidney interstitial; clinical renal dysfunction to its outstanding performance. On the course, tubular interstitial nephritis an acute and chronic can be divided into two broad categories, according to the cause of the infection, drugs, and genetic immune mediated metabolism disorders caused interstitial nephritis, etc.. To clinical medicine who was the most common cause, followed by urinary tract obstruction with the complexity of the cause, pyelonephritis chronic. The main basis for the diagnosis: (1) patient medication history or have a history of chronic renal benefit Nephritis. (2) early in the disease, generally not field the ball the clinical features of the disease, Shuinazhuliu example, edema, hypertension, and so on, while renal dysfunction occurred in the earlier and with glomerulus hypofunction proportion. In addition, there are renal dysfunction but no high blood pressure, and a mild proteinuria, B2-microglobulin in urine increase. Given a tubular more than 90 percent of the cause of interstitial nephritis to rule, so early diagnosis essential, even for renal dysfunction have occurred in patients, if found and promptly handle the reversible factors (for example, urinary obstruction, Infection, etc.) can also suspend its development, and even improve renal.

Primary inflammatory kidney damage small vessels

[Outlined] By the primary vasculitis (mainly seen under the microscope more than arteritis and Wegener's granulomatosis) necrotizing-induced segmental glomerulonephritis, accompanied renal insufficiency of a disease, most patients with anti - Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, ANCA) positive. [Diagnosis] First, history and symptoms More common in middle-aged, a good autumn and winter seasons, most of the patients have flu-like drug allergies or performance of the precursors. Often irregular fever, rash, joint pain, muscle pain, weight loss, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms, lung and kidney involvement consistent level of performance as allergic asthma, or difficult to control hemoptysis lung infection; some patients have sinus Yan, otitis media performance and eye (conjunctivitis, granuloma keratitis, sclera outer Yan, iridocyclitis and choroidal Yandeng); Hematuria have early kidney involvement, about 1 / 3 with gross hematuria, with the majority Proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome, hypertension rare or less half a hasty glomerulonephritis performance, if timely and effective treatment, some patients may renal function fully restored. Second, found that physical examination More common activities of fever, a mild anemia appearance, eyelid or lower extremity edema. Some patients have skin rash or eye performance. Third, support checks (A) urine routine examination have different levels of proteinuria, hematuria type and the urine. (B) most of the patients anemia, increased blood leukocytes, occasionally eosinophil increased. (C) acute ESR fast, C-reactive protein than normal. CHANG γ-globulin increase. (D) the majority of ANCA positive, is the primary vasculitis confirmed the important basis; ANCA reflects the activities of the disease or relapse and recurrence of about four weeks ago to appear ANCA positive. (5) Ccr often different levels drop, BUN, creatinine increase. (6) chest X-alveolar hemorrhage more performance, lobular pneumonia or limitations cavity necrotizing pneumonia; CT scan can be found or orbital sinus disease; B super-examination showed normal or increased renal size. (7) for the early diagnosis of renal biopsy can help this disease. 4, differential diagnosis Goodpasture Syndrome attention should be ruled out, radical nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Henoch-Schonlein purpura, with rheumatoid arthritis vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia hyperlipidemia and other diseases. [Treatment] First, early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is to improve the prognosis of the key, should be routinely used glucocorticoid and cell poison combination of the principles, standards can be given hormone therapy plus CTX, treatment of more than 2 years. Second, acute renal function deterioration of the patients, should be subject to dialysis as soon as possible to standard hormone therapy plus CTX shock therapy, or shock therapy Liuzhou methylprednisolone plus CTX shock therapy. Plasma replacement therapy also have a certain effect, especially in the role of pulmonary hemorrhage sure, quickly. If high blood volume with severe, intractable heart failure should an emergency dialysis to tide over the dangerous phase, to create conditions for drug treatment and gain time. Third, general treatment: including rest, diet, diuretic, reducing blood pressure, and prevention of complications of anticoagulation, with the condition should be based on Glomerulonephritis reference to the primary treatment. 4, static, large doses of immunoglobulin and application of monoclonal antibodies and other anti-T-cell therapy may have a certain effect. 5, end-stage kidney failure patients on the treatment of chronic kidney failure.

Acute mastitis and the identification of advanced breast cancer

Advanced breast cancer, skin lymphangioma carcinoma were damaged, lymphatic obstacles to return, causing skin edema. Cancer nearly broke crossing stage of its breast skin has inflamed performance, easily misdiagnosed as low-level infection of acute mastitis. The main differences are as follows: (1) Mastitis acute short course, and more in the post-natal, general symptoms. (2) advanced breast cancer are more than skin adhesion, visible nipple retraction or skewed, orange peel-like skin or Jiuwo change levy or satellite nodules. These manifestations of acute mastitis are not, is the difference between points. (3) living pathological examination or needle aspiration cytology is very easy to distinguish.

Surgical treatment of the effects of cholecystitis »

Surgical treatment of cholecystitis, abdominal surgery is the most common surgical one. The world each year to millions of patients for such surgery, but surgical treatment is not very satisfactory methods of treatment will have some postoperative complications, there are still 0.5 percent to 3 percent of mortality. Particularly due to a sudden deterioration of conditions to surgery, a higher mortality rate. In general, surgical treatment depends on the patient's age, surgery time. The greater the age, the night time operation, the worse the effect. With the development of modern medical and surgical methods of improvement, so that security and surgical cure rate has been greatly improved, after generally satisfactory results. For the following clinical situation, it is necessary to choose timely treatment. (1) clinical symptoms of serious, drug treatment does not work, conditions continue to worsen, not alleviate non-surgical treatment of patients. (2) gallbladder or swelling gradually increased, abdominal tenderness Obviously, abdominal serious tension or gangrene and perforation of the gallbladder, those with diffuse peritonitis. (3) recurrent acute cholecystitis, a clear diagnosis, the treatment of abdominal signs increased significantly boost the levy to peritoneum. (4) laboratory examination, blood WBC significantly increased, the total number of 20 × 109 / L or more. (5) deepening jaundice, a common bile duct stone obstruction. (6) chills, chills, fever and a tendency to shock poisoning. Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis, its operation methods are generally two kinds: First, cholecystectomy; Second, the gallbladder fistulization, fistulization relatively late for many patients, it is estimated that difficult tolerance cholecystectomy or serious complications in patients To Nongye drainage or removal of stones, generally for 6 to 8 weeks in a stable condition after the trip cholecystectomy, such as the general situation of extreme weakness, but also long-term resettlement gallbladder made fistula drainage, contrast to the bile duct system without the presence of stone, Removal of fistula can be made. If the diagnosis is not identified or associated with serious heart and lung disease patients can be diagnosed or general situation will improve after cholecystectomy. Clinical Practice shows that the incidence within 48 hours after surgery treatment, of whom 15 percent have gangrene or even perforation of the gallbladder, such as the incidence more than 72 hours, the mortality increase, so once the surgery should be early indications of surgical treatment.

Suffering from acute cholecystitis, why should carry out surgical treatment »

Suffering from acute cholecystitis, the general need for surgical methods to treat. This is because some patients with acute cholecystitis relatively rapid evolution of the disease, more serious condition, with gangrene and perforation of the gallbladder. Perforation of the gallbladder in case of gangrene, on the very serious consequences, will cause the gallbladder bile around the abscess or peritonitis, and sometimes even threaten the patient's life. Some patients even after drug treatment, the inflammation may temporarily dissipated, but due to acute gallbladder inflammation caused serious damage can lead to chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, these patients can easily re-attack of acute cholecystitis. Inflammation can also spread to other parts of the bile duct, the condition complicated. In short, acute cholecystitis occurred in the gallbladder, if not for surgical resection is not the cure. Therefore, once had acute cholecystitis, surgeons have advocated using surgical approach to treatment. Cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis is the primary means of the majority of patients after surgery can be in a relatively short period of rehabilitation. Some patients because of the frail elderly, in particular there are heart, lung and kidney diseases such as, gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder has happened to the systemic poisoning in serious condition, can not be tolerated cholecystectomy, you can first make the gallbladder fistulization. This operation is in the bottom of the gallbladder cut a small mouth, put a rubber tube, leading to in vitro so that the outflow had been affected by the bile. Such life-saving surgery, simple operation, the patient harm smaller. However, the implementation of this operation, the patient, such as systemic conditions improve after a period of time needed a second surgery, gallbladder removal of the lesions. The second time in the first general surgery after two to three months.

The treatment of acute cholecystitis What

For patients with acute cholecystitis, the general non-surgical treatment, symptoms can be more relieved, after re-elective surgery. Non-surgical therapy, including bed rest, fasting, the infusion of water and electrolyte imbalance corrected, the application of antibiotics and vitamins, if necessary, to gastrointestinal decompression. Abdominal pain could be given to spasm agents and analgesic, such as atropine, meperidine, and so on, should closely observe the condition changes. Any of the following, should be as short-term preparations for the symptomatic treatment after the implementation of emergency surgery: (1) clinical symptoms heavy and difficult to mitigate, gallbladder enlargement, and tension are more likely to have piercing. (2) abdominal tenderness Obviously, abdominal rigidity, stimulate the symptoms of peritoneal, or observed in the course of treatment, abdominal signs are increasing. (3) suppurative cholecystitis have chills, high fever, were significantly higher WBC. (4) general acute cholecystitis in non-surgical treatment of symptoms failed to ease or condition deteriorated. (5) elderly patients, gallbladder prone to gangrene and perforation, the early symptoms are serious surgery.

How to prevent cholecystitis and cholelithiasis

In recent years, China's cholecystitis and cholelithiasis the incidence of increased year after year. Cholecystitis often coexist with gallstones, it is because stones and inflammation often reciprocal causation, clinical performance is also linked. For cholecystitis and cholelithiasis reasons, the current view is more in line with the following three factors affecting each other's results. (1) bile stasis: As visceral nerve function or inflammation in disorders, gallbladder tension reduction, the sphincter of increased tension, or a combination of functional disorders, intestinal roundworm can be up to enter the bile duct, or because of inflammation of the bile duct caused lose Lumen stenosis, bile from the barrier, could lead to bile stasis. (2) bacterial infection: bile stasis for the bacteria to create conditions for the growth and reproduction. Intestinal bacteria can be reversed to the bile duct, or blood lines, including through the lymphatic flow into the bile duct, bile duct and钻入roundworm infection can cause bile duct. (3) changing chemical composition of bile: bile is the main ingredient in bile salt, cholesterol and phospholipids. Under normal circumstances, they maintain a certain ratio, the formation of a colloidal solution. When eating a high-sugar, high cholesterol, low-fat diet, can imbalance in the ratio between them, which was precipitated cholesterol. Bacterial infection, especially E. coli infection, they can secrete an enzyme so that the bile in the gall-quality precipitation and calcium-binding bile pigment formation of calcium. These sediments, the bile duct is attached to drilling after the death of roundworm, eggs, bacteria and some inflammatory necrotic tissue on the surface and form stones. These sediments may also be a logistics bile duct system, in a sudden expansion of the narrow area formed by the vortex of movement and deposition from a stone. In addition, depression, obesity, less activity, less female hormone, long-term drop of blood Ester medicine, diabetes, nephritis, hemolytic diseases, such as bile duct surgery can be directly or indirectly caused cholecystitis and cholelithiasis occurred. The prevention of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis approach is to keep the spirit of happiness and the proper conduct of physical training, make reasonable arrangements and regulating the diet, active prevention and treatment of Biliary Ascariasis disease, diabetes, nephritis, hemolytic diseases, infection control, not taking long-term drop of blood Esters Drugs, controlling female hormone, strictly correct implementation of bile duct surgery.

The elderly how to control cholecystitis

As the response capacity of the elderly low, so suffering from cholecystitis, the symptoms are not typical. Of the elderly suffering from cholecystitis is the most obvious symptoms of pain and inflammation of the gallbladder because of congestive stimulate the peritoneum, the right upper abdominal pain caused to the right shoulder radiation. Respiratory and activities increase, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal distention, reduce pain, to touch abdominal tumor. Cholecystitis mainly elderly people to take control of diet, drugs and surgery three ways. 1. Not generally cholecystitis patients with symptoms of old age, usually have to pay attention to diet, eat light, easily digested food. Not to eat cold, greasy food, do not eat milk and dairy products. To stimulate cholecystokinin. 2. Cholecystitis attack the elderly, in addition, pay attention to diet. We need to undertake drug treatment, choice of a number of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cholecystitis for the elderly is very prone to perforation of the gallbladder. They should pay attention to observe the condition, surgery as soon as signs of perforation. 3. Acute cholecystitis patients can be tolerated if the surgery can be done in the early cholecystectomy, after application to strengthen care. The use of antibiotics to basic back to normal.

What are patients with chronic cholecystitis symptoms

Chronic cholecystitis, the most common form of gallbladder disease, patients generally have gallstones at the same time, but no stone patients with chronic cholecystitis is not uncommon in China. Sometimes chronic cholecystitis for the after-effects of acute cholecystitis, but the majority of patients suffering from the past and did not have acute cholecystitis, because long-term inflammation of the gallbladder, gallbladder wall thickening fiber will happen, scar contraction, resulting in the gallbladder contraction, can be completely closed Nangqiang , Leading to the gallbladder dysfunction, and even complete loss of function. After suffering from chronic cholecystitis, patients will have the following two major symptoms: ① stone 1:00 obstruction of the gallbladder, the attack caused Biliary Colic, abdominal pain or more, located on the right upper abdomen, continuing ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, Back pain may be involved or right scapula, may be associated with nausea and vomiting. ② often abdominal distention, abdominal discomfort or right upper quadrant, heartburn, Aiqi, Tunsuan and a series of dyspepsia symptoms, or Duozhi eating fried food often cause these symptoms intensify. Thus, some patients can no Biliary Colic the attack, but was abdominal discomfort, Aiqi, Tunsuan symptoms such as indigestion, often mistakenly believe that he is suffering from "stomach trouble." Of these patients "with" although the "stomach", but the disease "root" but the "guts", although the long-term "stomach illness", "symptomatic treatment", but not the elimination of "root", the condition perishable Buyu. Contrast the gallbladder and liver and gallbladder ultrasound scan B-diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis is a valuable method. Gallbladder contrast can be found gallstones, gallbladder narrow deformation, and the enrichment and contraction, and other adverse conditions, sometimes not gallbladder image. In addition to the B-examination to detect gallstones and gallbladder shape change, can see the change in Maocao gallbladder wall, thickening and other signs. These patients have symptoms should seek medical treatment in time, through more inspections, to be generally clear diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis.

What is chronic cholecystitis » What are its symptoms »

Gallbladder is generally believed that small stone-obstruction of the gallbladder, caused acute cholecystitis, and the larger stones often no obvious abdominal cramps, the only cause of chronic cholecystitis performance. Chronic cholecystitis gallbladder is the chronic inflammation caused chronic inflammation is the most common causes of the gallbladder with stones. It can be said that almost all within a stone's gallbladder patients have chronic cholecystitis. Chronic cholecystitis can be acute cholecystitis after the attack aftermath. In a patient with acute cholecystitis after the attack, almost inevitably develop into a chronic cholecystitis. In practice, however, is most acute cholecystitis acute chronic cholecystitis, a considerable portion of chronic cholecystitis in knowing it to happen. Has never before won a history of acute cholecystitis. The clinical manifestations of chronic cholecystitis and more non-typical, not obvious. Peacetime may often have right upper quadrant of the pain, abdominal distention, Aiqi, nausea and anorexia greasy food, and other symptoms of dyspepsia, and some patients subscapular sense of right and right rib quarter or pain, etc. You Yao. In standing, sports and more obvious after Lengshui Yu. Rib margin of the right upper abdomen of patients had mild tenderness, or the pressure of a discomfort. B-ultrasound examination showed the gallbladder or increased attention, emptying dysfunction. Oral contrast agent found gallbladder stones, then the diagnosis can be identified.

How to Combat cholecystitis and cholelithiasis

Chronic cholecystitis patients often associated with gallstones. Some statistics, cholelithiasis age of onset of the peak for the 45-50 years old, 40-year-old women more. Patients with annual growth trend. Gallstones by bile stasis, bacterial infections and change the composition of bile among each other and the impact of the formation. Bile is secreted by the liver cells. 800-1000 ml per day as many as the main component of bile in addition to water, mainly containing bile salt, cholesterol, fatty acid, lecithin, bilirubin and inorganic salt, cholesterol in the bile in the form of increased bile The basic reasons for the stones. Gallbladder, a bacterial infection, can produce a gallstone formation for the enzyme, therefore, chronic cholecystitis more conducive to the formation of gallstones, and even the existence of stone-a gallbladder inflammation. Most of the elderly in obesity, fat metabolism disorder prone rate, bile-enrichment activities were less cholecystokinin function even worse, the patients suffering from intestinal parasites easily arise Biliary Ascariasis disease, gallbladder, the roundworm residue is often gallstones The core. According to statistics, China's areas of high incidence of gallstones, 70 percent of gallstones and the residue is roundworm eggs at the core. Because drug abuse, such as long-term large dose of estrogen that Antuo, nicotinic acid and other drugs interfere with the metabolism of bile components, more easily formed stones. The prevention of cholecystitis and guts of insects, first of all to pay attention to food regulation and less into the high-cholesterol diet. Some people think that, cholelithiasis northern China middle-aged women and the reasons for the increase in pregnancy and the postpartum massive consumption of chicken and pork-related, including vitamin A eat fruits and vegetables such as carrots, spinach, apples, etc., is conducive to cholesterol metabolism Can reduce the formation of stones, stress eating health, can waive or reduce intestinal ascariasis, strengthening sports and exercise, can strengthen the gallbladder systolic and diastolic function; early cholecystitis, aggressive treatment of biliary tract infections, all these are useful to prevent gallstones . Obesity and high blood lipid patients, the appropriate application of hypolipidemic drugs, but also prevent gallstones in a way. Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis many of the treatment, taking Lidan drug is often the first to take into account. Dehydrogenase acid tablets, bile acid sodium tablets and geese to have a role, there should be Xiaoyanlidan tablets also have a certain effect. It was suggested that application Jinqian Cao, Yinchen the 30 grams, Jianshui for tea drinking, for a month course of treatment, Pai Shi Lidan function. When acute chronic cholecystitis, to fasting, transfusion and effective analgesic, to choose the appropriate antibiotics. When medical treatment is invalid or has certain surgical indications, they should actively seek treatment.

The clinical performance of liver and kidney syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome following clinical features: ① most occurred in the late cirrhosis, both general portal hypertension, ascites, hyponatremia, hypoproteinemia, jaundice dispensable, have low blood pressure and liver and brain Disease, liver often unconscious; ② no past history of chronic kidney disease, the patient was completely normal kidney function, renal failure may be a few months, a few weeks or a few days rapidly emerging and growing liver damage; ③ majority of a certain incentives, such as strong Diuretic, put a lot of ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding and take some of the effects of prostaglandin synthesis of drugs, but also no incentive to; ④ urine pH is acidic, no abnormal urine test, or only minor proteinuria, that a small amount of transparency And the type of particles and microscopic hematuria; ⑤ glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow decreased significantly, urinary sodium often <10> 20, osmotic pressure urine / blood osmotic pressure> 1.

How to treat liver and kidney syndrome

Treatment of liver and kidney syndrome, should focus on improving liver function and to avoid and treatment-induced factors, the specific treatment of the following: (1) to enhance the treatment of liver disease, renal failure occurred avoid: anti-diuretics, must not take a lot of ascites, disable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, medicines can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, induced by the disease. Anti-drug renal toxicity, the positive treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. (2) The application of vasoactive drugs: Most scholars believe that the lack of effective recycling-based output of the start-up reasons, it still stand trial for expansion, including the importation of isotonic saline, plasma and albumin; because of plasma renin activity and Angiotensin Ⅱ were significantly higher, resulting in renal vasoconstriction, the people of dopamine antagonists and angiotensin muscle in the treatment of C-booster, but the effect is not yet sure. (3) ascites transfusion: albumin can be added to increase colloid osmotic pressure, increase blood circulation of an effective, the treatment of refractory ascites have a certain effect. (4) liver transplantation: the difficulty of reversing liver failure patients, this may be the only effective therapy, pending future efforts to explore.

How to understand the liver and kidney function of the kidney syndrome

Above that; hepatorenal syndrome in patients with renal anatomy and histology did not regard the disease, and is completely from the liver disease after metabolites of the damage. Hemodynamic changes and the abnormal blood flow, leading to reduced blood flow in the kidney And filtration rate caused by lower. Because the liver various physiological and pathological effects so that the kidneys can not play a normal role in question or to improve liver function of liver transplant, patients with kidney completely back to normal soon. Therefore it can be said that the patient's liver and kidney syndrome kidney disease are functional, can be reversed, and nephritis late renal failure caused by completely different, because the latter is organic, is irreversible .

What are the performance of the liver syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome clinical manifestations including cirrhosis decompensated stage renal failure and the function of the signs and symptoms. Patients often spleen, portal hypertension, jaundice, ascites, all kinds of liver dysfunction, azotemia, oliguria, hyponatremia; kidney without its primary and unique organic change. If such a patient's kidney transplant to the normal liver in patients with uremia, after transplantation, kidney function to normal, the organization has further confirmed that such anatomical kidney is normal. Over the years the information proved to chronic liver disease advanced about 70% - 80% of the patients azotemia. These patients, most had no incentive to be secondary to a small number of gastrointestinal bleeding, put a lot of ascites, a large number diuretic, such as infection or surgery. The main manifestations of this syndrome are as follows: (1) sudden appearance of oliguria, no urine, liver and kidney syndrome patients this is an important symbol. But a small number of patients can not favourable. (2) liver and kidney syndrome, the majority of patients have different degrees of ascites and jaundice, jaundice can be volatile, Mandrax Mandrax high-low, but in the end there will be severe jaundice and ascites. (3) usually combined with lower blood pressure, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, gastrointestinal bleeding, seizure, and so on. (4) in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and kidney syndrome about 50 percent of patients can appear liver coma. (5) hepatorenal syndrome patients azotemia, increased creatinine, urea nitrogen increased, hyponatremia, a low urinary sodium, low potassium. Advanced appeared hyperkalemia, it is because oliguria or urine; row can not be caused by potassium; (6) of conventional urine tests can be normal, no protein in urine, no tube, no or only minor red WBC abnormal changes. The test results and nephritis caused by uremia exactly the opposite.

Primary liver cancer prevention

1, China is a region of high incidence of liver cancer In recent years, the incidence of a slow upward trend, also will increase the mortality of cancer mortality in third place. 2, liver disease and a rising trend on the Situation of age, should arouse people's attention. 3, hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer is clearly related to B, hepatitis C and other timely treatment is not easy to turn into chronic hepatitis and gradually develop into cirrhosis. Liver cancer and cirrhosis are obvious, a research report: 70 percent to 100 percent of the patients can develop into cirrhosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 4, may be drinking a lot of cirrhosis Large number of long-term drinking can cause liver damage, leading to cirrhosis. If on this basis to drink, to cirrhosis or liver cancer promote transformation. 5, the prevention of various types of liver disease At present, China has asked the neonatal hepatitis B vaccination to prevent hepatitis B vaccine. 6, attention to food hygiene Prevent cancer from the mouth. Strong carcinogen known as aflatoxin, a mold eating the peanuts and food so the food is very dangerous. 7, the better the quality of the incidence of liver cancer, the lower 8, to strengthen sanitation and hygiene Reduction of various harmful substances in contact with, for the prevention of liver cancer is also very important. 9, attention to maintain a good mentality for Mental Health The proper conduct of the exercise within its power to achieve the objective of enhancing immunity.

Liver ulcer main clinical features

The disease occurs in middle age, the average age of onset of peptic ulcer than a simple 10-year-old, and the average duration longer than the average of peptic ulcer. The most common symptoms of abdominal pain but the lack of regularity, followed by anti-acid. Most patients with abdominal tenderness are obvious. Some patients often no symptoms and signs, endoscopy or barium examination accidental discovery. 17.8% of patients with initial symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding. Is generally believed that the liver with bleeding ulcer rate was significantly higher than that of simple ulcer, bleeding way to be black and hematemesis Most of the first black regular hematemesis it, and the large amount of bleeding, according misdiagnosed as esophageal and gastric bleeding. Esophageal and gastric bleeding.