What is the heat of convulsions and seizures without heat?

Effects of febrile seizures in children is more common during the central nervous system dysfunction emergency symptoms more common in infants and young children, a good age for 6 months to 5 years old, to nine months to 20 months for the summit, the incidence rate of about 2% to 4%, 2% in Europe and the United States to 5 percent. Effects of febrile seizures are mostly the result of various infectious diseases, the most common upper respiratory tract infection, the onset of the typical clinical manifestations are: sudden loss of consciousness, with many eyes on the ball up, staring or strabismus, facial muscles or limbs, muscle rigidity, spasm or kept tic. Attack by the time a few seconds to several minutes, sometimes repeated attack, or even a continuing state. Serious heat febrile seizures can be left nervous system sequelae. No convulsions common in metabolic diseases, nutrition disorders (such as amino acid metabolic diseases, phenylketonuria, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, high-sodium, low potassium, low blood sugar, vitamin B6 dependency syndrome); in various toxic encephalopathy, central nervous system diseases (congenital malformations, trauma, etc.), hysteria, epilepsy and so on. Such diseases do not usually fever, convulsions but sometimes longer, can also cause increased body temperature. Febrile convulsions at this time for the consequences and not the causes of, the general asked detailed history, finding the disease and the primary cause, thermal and non-thermal convulsive seizures it is not difficult to identify.

Recurrent febrile seizures easily?

Convulsion is systemic or local group sudden involuntary muscle contraction, accompanied disturbance of consciousness, the nervous system functions such temporary disorder, nerve cells abnormal discharge phenomenon, the central nervous system are mostly the result of excessive sexual impulses cause can be due to peripheral neuromuscular stimulation The lower threshold, such as low intracellular calcium in the blood caused. The incidence of seizures in children are adults 10 to 15 times, and febrile seizures is the most febrile seizures in children caused one of the main causes of children under 5 years of age statistics, 2 to 4 percent had high fever convulsion. Often recurrent febrile seizures, after the initial seizure, and about 25% to 40% (average 33%) of infants in subsequent seizure occurs when heat STD recurrence. In febrile seizures in children, 1 / 3 of a second convulsion, of which 1 / 2 a third attack. A total of nine percent or more of the recurrence rate. Therefore forecast will recurrence of febrile seizures judge the prognosis is very important. Recurrence of forecasts are based mainly on the age of onset. In the initial attack within the one-year-old children with the highest recurrence rate, about 1 / 2 cases will relapse. If it is another complex febrile seizures, a family history of epilepsy, recurrent opportunities. Recurrence occurred in the initial febrile seizures within 2 years after.

Acute cystitis and chronic cystitis What are the characteristics of each?

Cystitis more acute infection caused by the uplink, accompanied by acute urethritis. Typical clinical manifestations of frequency, urgency, and urinary Niaotong turbidity, mainly for the delta region and bladder disease after urethritis induced, and sometimes voiding end lower abdominal pain. Turbid urine appearance, a large number of Nongxibao in urine, sometimes hematuria. Inflammatory lesions confined to the bladder mucosa, often without fever and blood leukocytosis, systemic symptoms minor. Chronic cystitis means exist for a long time frequency, urgency symptoms, but not as severe acute cystitis. In a small amount of urine or in the volume of white blood cell, red blood cell. These patients have a history of acute cystitis, and with stones, urinary tract malformations or other obstruction, rather than simple cystitis.

What is cystitis?

　Cystitis about the total number of urinary tract infection in 50% to 70% of adult women cystitis mainly as urinary tract irritation, or a frequency, urgency, Niaotong, voiding symptoms of discomfort. Many interleukin urine, sometimes hematuria, or gross hematuria. General systemic poisoning had no obvious symptoms, a small number of patients have low back pain, fever (usually no more than 38 ℃). Check blood, leukocyte count usually no obvious increase.
Cystitis prone to sexual intercourse, the menstrual period and urethra, gynecological equipment after inspection, the majority of E. coli bacteria. The disease tend to limit white, about 40 percent in July to 10 days of the self-healing. Cystitis cure, recurrence is common, but the vast majority (more than 80%) is re-infection, relapse are more rare.

How should we control oral ulcer

1. What is oral ulcer?
Oral ulcers occurred in the oral mucosa superficial ulcers, Size to soybeans from the granule size, as round or oval, for the concave surface ulcers, congestive around, the pain caused by irritation of food, the general 1-2 weeks can be self-healing. RAU-cyclical recurring, medically called "recurrent oral ulcers." A few years or a year incidence, morbidity can be a month or even a turn of the old and new lesions.
2. Why old from mouth ulcers? Mouth ulcers and often other parts of the body are related to the disease?
If a person's mouth, always recurring size of rice to soybeans, round or oval-shaped ulcers, and each ulcer After 1-2 weeks of their good enough, we say he had "recurrent oral ulcers." The disease may be related to the following factors: the spirit of factors such as tension, digestive system diseases, such as constipated, endocrine factors such as menstrual cramps are immune dysfunction, as well as genetic factors. Had "recurrent oral ulcers" is very painful, but this kind of ulcer is benign and will not change into cancer.
Some patients in addition to regular oral mucosal ulceration, also have genitalia and eye damage, the disease called "Behcet's syndrome." The genital ulcers and oral ulcers form similar to a 1 - 2 weeks themselves well. Eyes may have ulcers, and other conjunctiva. In addition, the skin often of change, such as , injections and subsequent from ; inflammation of joints ache; can seriously affect the nervous system.
3. What kind of oral ulcer will carcinogenesis?
Some oral mucosal ulceration will carcinogenesis, which often occur in older patients. Such ulcer diameter general often more than 1 cm, as a "crater" marginal uplift,the Central Depression, Depression granular surface of the small lumps, in the basement and around the ulcer can be got hard block. District not obvious from the early pain, but development is very rapid, found immediately after diagnosis and treatment.
4. How oral ulcer treatment?
Because the etiology of oral ulcers occur more complex, not reunification 1996, according to the clinical treatment of different incentives, targeted therapy can be good effect. Such as: tension in the spirit of lifting the pressure, sedation, sedative-hypnotic, smoking, alcohol, etc.; of a gastrointestinal disorder treatment corresponding to the disease, increasing the resistance of the body, local ulceration, can be partial painkillers, anti-inflammatory and promote healing drugs. Such as: cod liver oil paste, paste prednisone, Yangyin Shengji casual, ulcer, or before eating local local anesthetics to ease the pain.
5. How to prevent oral ulcer?
Oral ulcers in the large extent and personal fitness, in order to completely avoid their occurrence unlikely, but if try to avoid inducing factors can reduce the incidence.
Specific measures are:
1, attention to oral hygiene, avoid injury oral mucosa, avoiding spicy food and local stimulation.
2, and maintain feel happy, optimistic, cheerful, and anxious to avoid things.
3, guarantee sufficient sleep time, avoid fatigue.
4, attention to the life patterns and nutritional balance, to develop certain bowel habits to prevent constipation.

Take anti-cancerous oral ulcer

whoever oral hygiene in the ulcer, Most do not care less about, careless people Stiffness just a few days, people simply careful with fire point - just like drugs. Indeed, some of the elderly often arise swelling gums, oral ulcers, erosive our tongue or throat pain and other symptoms, which the civil commonly known as "the floor", the Chinese held that "inflammation on." Were mentioned ", the mouth of a site will ulcers, small sclerosis or mucosal erosion, and sometimes feel pain, but relatively short period of time can be self-healing, or eat the drug-fire can be cured, but if the ulcer, Erosion mouth fixed in position at the end, when the development of the ulcer bleeding, neck lymph nodes, the pronunciation is not clear, it may be turned to oral cancer. Therefore, the discovery of such symptoms should be early to go to the hospital dental examination, so that " insight flesh "and misdiagnosis.
Oral cancer is not incurable disease, the key is early discovery, early diagnosis and early treatment. To this end, the elderly must be conducted every 1-2 years an oral examination. If it is found that oral leukoplakia were granular, Pang-like processes, erosion or ulceration occurred, it should heighten their vigilance and timely diagnosis and treatment at the hospital. In addition, the elimination of chronic stimulation, and root removal, the removal of bad repair and maintain oral health, adhere to sooner or later brushing after meals and the good habit of mouthwash is a wise move by oral cancer prevention.

Following oral ulcer several situations

Several oral ulcers are as follows:
A blood deficiency oral ulcer: the disease will occur in your lips, tongue base,Department, Ulcer - gray and white, mild redness around, the more He, stretching constantly, and no more signs of ulcers associated with the pain is just unbearable and head pain, and headache traction Meiling bone pain, menstrual volume increased, God fatigue Li, lightheadedness, heart palpitations, anxiety, and other symptoms of sleep the night, as the body of blood deficiency, and the menstrual cycle more imaginary very blood, blood is not headed by a headache. Treatment through dialectical Chinese medicine can be achieved cure purpose.
Second, hepatitis Mong-oral ulcer: This type often good in your lips, gums, dental and Department, was yellow-white ulcers, redness around, or even the number of long integration into films, severe pain, but there will be the first top pain, headaches halo, stunning, irritability, I suffer. Quality is a human liver-yang partial Kang, the line bet-lived, deficiency and not a result of the inhibition of liver-yang headache and oral ulcer, usually pay attention to strengthening drop hepatitis, clothes Bi beneficial treatment longdanxiegan decoction effect.
Third, oral blood stasis ulcers: ulcer of color are pale gray, with its rapid development, the slow healing characteristics. Women are often in menstruation before and during menstruation, oral mucosa suddenly occurred several ulcers, local severe pain, headache fixed location, menstrual Purple,such as long-term died, easily led to her illness became more serious. In the fight against female menstrual period during oral ulcer, but also need to maintain a happy mood, attention, adhering to the treatment medication, avoid fatigue, light diet, eat more fruits, fresh meals, and more drinking water. The course of treatment, to eat Xin, spicy, the food category for the best taste.
Some of recurrent ulcers and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and certain nutritional deficiencies, the machine closes lower immunity, Poor oral hygiene or mental factors, treatment can take comprehensive measures. Except Kurashiki, Oral drugs, but also need to pay attention to oral hygiene, maintaining a happy mood, avoid over exertion, drink water, eat more fresh vegetables, fruit, catering to light,not eat hot, irritating food.

Oral ulcer symptoms fall into three categories

(1) Oral disease caused by: If Shaffa RAU, herpetic stomatitis, and hand-foot-mouth disease, pemphigus and pemphigoid secondary ulcer,As long as the timely use of this type of ulcer antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic and other therapeutic measures, or Differential Treatment of Chinese medicine are not normally occur malignant transformation. Special attention should be given to the yes, right is a precancerous lesion of mucosa disease can not be taken lightly. If the white, red grouper, lichen planus, and so on the basis of damage, a prolonged ulcer, should arouse a high degree of vigilance. (2) of traumatic ulcers: This is a class with local incentives directly related ulcers. The tooth fracture left residual crown, deposited on the surface of the stone teeth, missing teeth or longer length wrong position, the bad habit of biting cheek teeth formed after the wear and the sharp edge of the rough work may cause dentures and so traumatic ulcers . Such ulcers, as long as the early detection of pathogenic factors, such as timely removal of residual crown and root, grinding to sharp edge, scaling dental calculi, correct bite buccal habits. Re-Insert teeth, and other measures, will soon healing. However, if found late, ineffective measures, trauma oral ulcer may be cancerous. (3) tumor caused by the "vicious ulcer": This type of malignant ulcers local infiltration is the result of the development of the ulcer appeared before the cancer may have a systemic manifestations.

Performance for oral ulcer disease

Performance for the oral ulcer disease will have to: recurrent oral ulcers, Behcet's disease, oral mucosal injury ulcer, herpetic stomatitis, erythema multiforme, tuberculosis ulcer, contact stomatitis, necrotizing subgingival stomatitis, such as ulcers and cancer, Most of these ulcers to cancer risk. In oral ulcer cancer, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 90 percent. Squamous cell carcinoma can be divided into tongue cancer, gingival cancer, buccal carcinoma, such as carcinoma of the floor of mouth. In other cancerous tumors, cancer, malignant melanoma, lymphoma, in the palate of malignant mixed tumor can also showed the cancer oral mucosal ulceration. So far, the reasons leading to oral cancer is not entirely clear, the known risk factors are: chronic stimulation (sharp cusp, and other adverse restoration of buccal, lingual mucosa regular stimulation); chronic inflammatory oral ulcer ( chronic ulcers such as tongue, the soft palate oral ulcers, and other chronic long-term easily lead to cancer). These can be expressed as tumor ulcers, commonly found in the lips, tongue, irregular performance to the edge of deep ulcers, Edge tenacity, to highlight the fact that, around infiltration. No matter what kind of performance in the oral ulcer disease, which could not be ignored, early detection of early treatment must be for the good.

Chronic pelvic inflammation of connective tissue how protective?

Connective tissue often chronic pelvic inflammation of connective tissue inflammation due to acute pelvic not receive timely, effective treatment for deferred from. So if that is suffering from acute pelvic inflammation of connective tissue, Timely thorough treatment is essential. Symptoms disappeared does not mean cure, the treatment should continue to consolidate for some time, various indicators to be normal, can be cured.
As has been suffering from chronic pelvic inflammation of connective tissue, but also not pessimistic, should set of confidence in the victory, the most important thing is to persevere and thorough treatment, as far as possible, avoid and repeatedly caused acute episode, her illness became more serious, more difficult treatment . During the treatment should be increased nutrition, Dr Yat appropriately, and maintain ease of mind and avoid sex life or not section unclean.

What is the connective tissue pelvic inflammation?

Pelvic connective tissue, also known as pelvic inflammation cellulitis, Pelvic retroperitoneal refers to the inflammation of connective tissue outside. Pelvic connective tissue on both sides of the uterus and bladder, including Gap and other places, the connective tissue before and after the pelvic peritoneum connective tissue. Pelvic retroperitoneal connective tissue and the entire retroperitoneal linked to the connective tissue, the connective tissue of these sites can be no distinction between the boundaries. The ligament, uterine ligament in the sacrum also contain more connective tissue. Next to occur in the uterus most common inflammation of connective tissue, and can spread to other parts. If the beginning of the pelvic inflammation of connective tissue, which is essential connective tissue pelvic inflammation; If secondary to severe tubal ovarian peritonitis and pelvic inflammation, connective tissue for secondary pelvic inflammation. According to the priorities incidence varied, and so have pelvic inflammation of connective tissue of sub-acute and chronic.

Whether suffering from uterine fibroids must removal of the uterus?

Uterine fibroids are the common diseases of women. Incidence rates higher, Over the age of 30 women who breast cancer accounted for 20%. It is by the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue composed of a benign tumor, malignant transformation of opportunities rarely.
Uterine fibroids in the uterus of the site often, of course, other parts may also grow. Some patients temporarily silent, or postmenopausal tumor shrinking. But most can menorrhagia, irregular vaginal bleeding, anemia, oppression symptoms or changes in location as a result of tubal infertility. Serious harm women's health.
Whether suffering from uterine fibroids required removal of the uterus, it is with great concern. The uterine fibroids in traditionally used for the treatment. Calcium asymptomatic may temporarily not surgery. For conservative treatment, and to observe, regular follow-up. There are obvious symptoms. Be surgical resection. After more than, say, irregular vaginal bleeding has caused anemia: increasing repression by fibroids caused pain or urinary retention; fibroids more than three months of pregnancy size have Beattie submucosal fibroids, cervical prominent in the mouth; impact of uterine fibroids the normal sex life; fibroids have occurred or pedicle strokes to infection: Pelvic Mass there, the unknown, and so the diagnosis. Resection of the scope should be as specific condition, married, has been infertile, aged 45 and above women. If a serious symptoms, may total hysterectomy. Not infertile unmarried or married young women, uterine reservations if requested, should be a cautious attitude and discretion. According to the patients condition, location and size of fibroids grow as a conservative treatment, generally not hysterectomy. Sometimes in order to avoid fibroids grow up pieces from the permanent infertility, early trip fibroid surgery, retained the uterus. Fertility preservation mechanism. This son of demands skilled and meticulous technique, a good postoperative treatment and care. Generally, the patients after surgery can be reduced to the normal menstruation, the symptoms disappeared, but also as usual.
In recent years, as medical science continues to develop, uterine fibroids and the endocrine research, the incidence of uterine fibroids gain a new understanding of mechanisms. According to the fibroid growth hormone-dependent characteristics of the sex hormones taken antagonistic staff members or non-surgical treatment of Chinese medicine, will enable patients suffering from the removal of the uterus. In other words, no surgery can cure the desire of uterine fibroids is expected to achieve.

Pregnancy can be suffering from uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroid is a benign tumor of the uterus, In that women of childbearing age are common. The growth of sites such as fibroids oppression tubal affect sperm, the egg operation would cause infertility. Once able to pregnancy, during pregnancy as the uterus myoma growth, particularly in the second trimester, the rapid growth, a "degeneration", have abdominal pain, fever and other symptoms. Uterine fibroids are sometimes easily result in miscarriage, premature. In general, women suffer from uterine fibroids, leiomyoma in diameter 4 cm below, can be pregnancy. , or cervix, or oppression, such as tubal infertility impact, preferably before surgery to remove fibroids pregnancy. Where uterine fibroids in women of childbearing age must gynecologist after inspections decide whether pregnancy.

Uterine fibroids can cause infertility?

Uterine fibroids in the female genital mutilation is the most common form of benign tumors, Many occur in middle-aged women, the common age for 35 to 45 years old, childless women is particularly common.
Uterine fibroids grow from the myometrium, therefore, occurred at the beginning of the uterine muscle wall, the vast majority are in the growth of uterine body, only 1% to 2% of the growth in the cervix of the fibroids, uterine body fibroids can be increased with tumor growth in various directions, with the uterine muscle wall on the relationship between different title: ① within muscle or muscle uterine fibroids intramural uterine fibroids, accounting for about 60% ~ 70% . ② subserosal uterine fibroids, accounting for about 20 percent. ③ submucosal fibroids or about 10 percent. Most of uterine fibroids for multiple, often above 2 or 3 kinds of fibroids also exist.
The majority of asymptomatic uterine fibroids, only found in the pelvic examination, symptoms often associated with growth close to sites such as submucous fibroids can be irregular vaginal bleeding earlier, subserosal fibroids can be very long no symptoms. Uterine fibroids are the symptoms often vaginal bleeding, abdominal tumors, adjacent organs can be oppressive in the corresponding symptoms, such as frequency, urinary retention, constipation, ureteral stagnant water, such as hydronephrosis. Fibroids do not happen under normal circumstances the pain, but if subserosal fibroids in torsion, it can cause acute abdominal pain, submucosal fibroids may stimulate contractions occurred spastic pain, fibroids can be red degeneration caused severe pain, fibroids merger Endometriosis can cause dysmenorrhea. Leucorrhea uterine fibroids can cause more can be accompanied by a purulent infection Leucorrhea fashion. They have excessive bleeding secondary symptoms of anemia, such as dizziness, weakness, palpitations, and so on.
About 25% to 35% of patients with uterine fibroids infertility. The reason may be due to fibroids impede implantation embryos, or intrauterine deformation due to blocked fallopian tube entrance into the fallopian tube sperm prejudice, such as leiomyoma serosal layer is close to the impact of pregnancy is not too large. In addition, sometimes accompanied by uterine fibroids ovarian dysfunction, may also be one of the reasons for infertility.

Cervical spondylosis easily generate vertigo symptoms

Many patients with cervical vertigo symptoms. Symptoms attack, Can rotation, such as shaking feeling of vertigo and the occurrence and development and increase. Neck and activities directly related to potential changes, especially in the neck rotation suddenly when the old or induced or exacerbated, to the side easily lead to a seizure, and then to the contralateral someone will be able to alleviate symptoms such as dizziness one-off vertigo. Patients with serious, or even have a damping - off phenomenon. Damping-off attack as before without any signs, often in patients with a certain posture, neck rotation, suddenly felt dizziness, headache, the two lower limbs immediately unable fell to the ground. Unconscious obstacle to the process of attack, may fall after its own.
Vertigo symptoms of cervical vertebral artery is one of the main symptoms of disease, the incidence of this disease around the 70 percent, damping - off accounted for 5 percent of a 10 percent. To understand the type of cervical vertebral artery disease Why should there be vertigo symptoms, we must from the start with the anatomy of vertebral artery.
Vertebral artery issued since the subclavian artery, sub-paragraph 4 of the foramen magnum entered. Paragraph 1 (cervical) of the subclavian artery issued prior to entering the transverse foramen part of paragraph 2 (vertebra) to wear as part of cervical transverse hole, paragraph 3 (pillow) transverse process since atlas Hole piercing to enter the intracranial part of paragraph 4 (intracranial) to enter part. The bilateral vertebral artery blood flow supply about 10% of a 15% supply the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots organizations such as the blood flow about 90 per cent of the. Flexion and extension of the cervical vertebral artery when tension has little effect on blood supply will not cause obstacles, but to the side of rotation and, due to the increased tension side of the vertebral artery, which supply the brain blood flow reduction at this time, normal the other side of the vertebral artery can be compensated to ensure that the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, and so the normal blood supply. The type of cervical vertebral artery disease, it may be due to dynamic factors, mechanical factors, vascular factors, and other factors, so that the affected vertebral artery arising from the loss of compensatory ability vertigo.
Power factor, the general type of cervical vertebral artery disease early light or the cause. Because vertebral instability after Hook section of vertebral joints loose, positioner, the side effects of the upper and lower transverse hole, stimulate or oppression from vertebral artery vasospasm, a narrow, distorted or discount Qu change. Mechanical factors, it is, the cause of late. Hook vertebral joints bone hyperplasia, such as direct compression nucleus pulposus extricate himself from the vertebral artery arising from symptoms. Vascular factors, in addition to increasing age after vascular forces weakened, atherosclerotic vascular change and variability, and so speed up the process of the disease causes, but also due to vertebral artery cervical disc degeneration, caused by vertebral gap narrowed its relatively long the problem, this imbalance can produce further vertebral artery discount Qu, thickening and bending, and other changes, thereby affecting the vertebral artery blood flow.
Type cervical vertebral artery disease is due to the above reasons mainly to the vertebral vertigo - basilar artery insufficiency syndrome. In addition to dizziness, the symptoms of damping - off, there are common symptoms of migraine, tinnitus, blurred vision, and so on. Because vertebral artery around with a lot of fiber and at the same time sympathetic postganglionic autonomic nervous system involvement, so often accompanied the gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system disorder, and other symptoms.
However, the vertigo symptoms is not the type of cervical vertebral artery disease alone, otorhinolaryngology, neurology, ophthalmology, and many other diseases can also arise vertigo symptoms like Otogenic vertigo, brain-derived dizziness, eye-derived vertigo, trauma vertigo, somatic diseases caused dizziness and Neurosis, etc.. Add any remaining section of the vertebral artery lesions may also cause these ischemic symptoms, and many other symptoms and easily confused with a variety of diseases, the diagnosis of cervical vertebral artery disease is more difficult.
To be clinically diagnosed, - is at the same time we must pay attention to whether patients with neck pain, neck activities restricted common cervical spondylosis and other general symptoms, X-ray, whether there is a hook vertebral joints bone hyperplasia, deformation intervertebral foramen smaller vertebral trapezoidal section changed or changed, and so has cervical abnormalities; Second, pay attention to the differential diagnosis. This type of cervical disease, due to attack with Meniere's disease, and so there are other similarities with vertigo, it is sometimes necessary in the diagnosis of vestibular function tests conducted ears, hearing, and other specialist inspection to identify. Elderly people suffering from this type of diagnosis of cervical disease, blood vessel flexibility and should consider factors such as vascular sclerosis.
Cervical vertebral artery disease-a reference standard for diagnosis: ① there mainly to the vertebral vertigo - missing hyperlipidemia and basilar artery (or) had cataplexy attacks; ② carotid test positive spin; ③ displayed on the X-ray films with vertebral joints Instability hook vertebral bone or joint hyperplasia; ④ sympathetic with varying degrees of symptoms; ⑤ except Otogenic or eye-derived and other Vertigo; ⑥ except section l vertebral artery caused by the compression of the basilar artery blood supply is incomplete; except ⑦ Neurosis, and other intracranial tumors from blame; ⑧ vertebral artery blood flow charts and EEG only reference value, diagnosed require vertebral artery angiography. Vertebral artery angiography for the main signs of vertebral artery stenosis, or lesions in the vertebral artery segment loss of the original form, representing a small adjacent segments, and a displacement; site or bending under pressure, circuitous or obstruction. Vertebral artery angiography and positioning of surgical procedure to select. In addition, the use of digital subtraction angiography will be more satisfied with the vertebral artery imaging.

A common cause of cervical spondylosis summary

Cervical syndrome is a common disease, Because cervical internal and external causes changes in the cervical spine and the surrounding nerves, blood vessels in pathological changes arising from a series of symptoms. The medical profession at home and abroad on the growing importance of cervical disease. After the medical practice for a few dry years, and done a lot of medical writings, which also included with the clinical manifestations of cervical disease and treatment of the theoretical experience. But due to historical reasons and different theoretical system, no cervical spondylosis Chinese medicine monographs. But after a lot of the ancient practice of meticulous observation, and detailed record of the disease we have today described the various types of cervical lesions similar to the symptoms and treatment methods. Cervical spondylosis neck, shoulder,more included in the medical Bi Syndrome, the symptoms of traumatic or more for imaginary bad qi and blood, feel the wind cold dampness caused by evil, and dizziness, stunning, and tinnitus is more disabled muddy, liver wind, wasting related. A common cause of cervical disease can be summarized as:
(1) Trauma: means or ground, such as flash down the tendons, bones, flesh damage. Neck and shoulder pain caused by injury, is due to flash, the setback caused by, fascia, muscle and other soft tissue injuries (including acute and chronic injury), as well as joint dislocation caused by symptoms, the so-called wrong bone joints, tendons out groove symptoms. The human body is an entity, such as neck and shoulder sites affected by external forces suffered injury, it can lead to Viscera, Meridian, qi and blood disorders, thus producing a series of symptoms. Clinical Visibility shoulder, back and limb pain, now dominated by pain. On the other hand, the body's organs are dependent on qi and blood nourishment, such as block qi and blood, viscera lack of qi and blood, its functions are affected, liver, kidney, spleen and other internal organs function will be affected after the turn impact of tendonitis, muscle and joint function. At this time the disease is not only the symptoms of post-traumatic pain, but also the emergence of various Deficiency Syndrome. So after injury should be noted that visceral functions. Especially spleen liver and kidney damage factors.

Cervical SARS-related knowledge

Cervical cervical disease, also known as SARS. Referring to a loss due to injury and old symptoms caused by a variety of diseases. As the old injury or damage, In the wrong cervical vertebral joints, subluxation or dislocation. Symptoms can be directly generated; wrong vertebral joints and spinal mechanics would cause imbalance, in order to maintain spinal balance, the dislocation will have Osteophyte vertebra hyperplasia. Hyperplasia Osteophyte maintain a balance, but will also stimulate nearby organizations, caused all kinds of symptoms. Cervical connector, chest and upper limbs, vertebrae smaller and greater flexibility, higher frequency of activities, but also load. Therefore, in daily life and work, for various reasons will happen Cone dislocation. Oppression different organizations have different symptoms. So because of symptoms of cervical disease and divided into seven different types, namely: the spinal cord type, the sympathetic type, nerve root type, vertebral artery type, type of esophageal, cervical type, mixed.

After the disease had cervical how do

Cervical disease is a chronic degenerative diseases. Its clinical manifestations are many and varied; Especially in vein type of cervical spondylosis and sympathetic, sometimes not easily diagnosed. Once the symptoms in this regard, we must help a specialist diagnosed, or delay diagnosis, treatment delays. Once diagnosed, the general must pay attention to the following aspects:
(1) of the disease should have a correct understanding, confidence in conquering the disease: a longer duration of cervical disease, pushing the degenerative disc, spur growth, calcified ligaments, such as age and growth, the aging of the body. Illness often repeatedly, the attack symptoms may be more heavy impact on daily life and rest. Therefore, we need to eliminate fear pessimistic psychology, muddling along on the other hand to prevent the mentality to give up aggressive treatment. (2) on the rest: cervical spondylosis acute stage or first attack patients, we must pay due attention to rest, even to serious condition bed rest 2-3 weeks. Bed rest in the neck muscles relax, relieve muscle spasm and head weight of the pressure on the disc, compression edema dissipated organization plays an important role. But time should not be too long in bed, in order to avoid muscle atrophy, organizations adhesion, bone adhesion, and other changes, impeding the restoration of cervical spondylosis. Therefore, cervical disease and chronic intermittent period should be appropriate to work. Not long rest.
(3) The maintenance: the human body like a complex machine, often need to be maintained. Especially cervical disease itself is a degenerative disease, but also to protect the neck, to avoid unnecessary injury. Both sleep, rest. Still learning, and even some day-to-day movements, must maintain good habits and always keep in mind cervical protection. While strengthening tempering.
(4) As regards the treatment: the treatment of cervical spondylosis non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment of the points. The vast majority of patients who were non-surgical treatment can alleviate the symptoms not even cured. But each has its unique treatment of the operation, role and indications, the need for specialist physicians guide, but also a certain course of treatment. We must guard against disease urgent, or frequent replacement therapy and a number of ways, cluttered with not only no therapeutic effect. Instead of increasing illness.

Urinary stones clinical diagnosis

(A) The history and physical examination: in the history of the many typical renal colic and hematuria, Urethra or has been discharged from a stone. Inquiries can be found in the affected kidney area pain, complicated by infection, when higher water
Blow pain become more evident, hydronephrosis heavier swelling can hit the kidney, ureter stones can sometimes end of the rectum or vagina that the seizure hit.
(B) The laboratory examination: urine routine examination showed RBC, WBC or crystallization of oxalate in the urine pH and urate stones patients often acidic; phosphate stones often alkaline. A
And urinary infection appeared more , urine bacteriological culture often positive, counting more than 100,000 / ml more complicated with acute infection and infection heavier, white blood routine examination showed
The total number of tablets and neutrophil cells increased. Multiple stones and recurrent patients, serum and urine of calcium and phosphorus values, uric acid value, in order to further clarify the cause of stone.
(C) X-ray inspection: X-ray examination in the diagnosis of renal and ureteral stones important way, about 95 per cent of the urinary calculi in the X-ray image. Supplemented by excretion or retrograde pyelography
Ureteral contrast, we can identify the location stones, and whether obstruction obstruction of the contralateral kidney function is good, other than the difference between urinary calcium from the shadow of its exclusion of upper urinary tract
It diseases, treatment programs and identify stones after treatment site, size and the number of contrast, have significant value. Low-density or translucent Huai Shi, be ureter, renal pelvis inflatable contrast,
Stone showed greater clarity.
(D) Other inspections: B-sites can be in the exploration and stone-points, or intensive-Mission, the merger may Hydronephrosis-exploration of the liquid. Check that radionuclide renography was affected urinary tract obstruction of shape.

Common urinary stone symptoms

The main symptoms are pain and hematuria,A very small number of patients can not consciously long-term symptoms, to be there when hydronephrosis or infection was found.
(1) Pain: Most patients with a low back pain or abdominal pain. Larger stones, in the renal pelvis or lights in the oppression, friction or give rise to stagnant water, mostly affected waist or secret anguish,
After the increase in regular activities; smaller stones in the ureter or renal pelvis within the movement and stimulation, smooth muscle spasm caused arising colic, such colic often suddenly, and the pain is intense,
If the knife cuts like downward along the side of ureteral abdomen, inner thighs, perineum and radiotherapy. Sometimes patients with looking pale, a cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, weak pulse appear serious
While fast, blood pressure decreased symptoms. Pain often paroxysmal attack, or because of the termination of a sudden movements or alleviate pain, has left lumbar, abdominal pain. If the end of ureteral stones, yet
Stimulation can cause urinary tract symptoms. After the pain, and some patients can be discharged from the urine of small stones, the diagnosis has important significance.
(B) Hematuria: direct damage due to stones of the kidney and ureter mucosa, and often in severe pain after microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria, hematuria and the severity of the extent of the injury.
(C) pyuria: renal and ureteral stones in the urinary infection with , clinical, there will be high fever, low back pain, some patients diagnosed as pyelonephritis, for urinary tract X-ray examination
When discovered stone.
(4) Other: obstruction can cause kidney stones water, check the swelling can be touched kidney. Renal area after minor trauma can be found by physical examination and kidney enlargement misdiagnosed as serious kidney
Trauma. Plug stones at the same time on both sides of the upper urinary tract or solitary kidney, renal insufficiency often occur, even without urine, and some patients can still arise gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, and so on.

The early signs of prostate stones

Many elderly men, Often at night because of the impeded urination frequency or a check will know suffering from prostate stones. The prostate is a male reproductive system subsidiary organs, prostate secretion of fluids, can nourish sperm, the sperm and ensure normal vitality. However, this liquid prostate and prostate epithelial cells shedding of a stone is the main material. When people suffering from prostatitis, gonorrhea, prostate diverticulum, can make gland obstruction, secretions not emit. And this obstruction has increased inorganic salt gradually formed stones. The majority of patients with asymptomatic prostate stones, stones in the prostate without discomfort for many years, if larger stones, it was found that frequency, hematuria, dysuria, pain, sometimes low sexual desire, impotence and so on blood or fine. Prostate stones mainly through rectal palpation and X-rays for diagnosis, transrectal prostate can touch the surface of multiple nodules, and stones friction flu, x line inspection can understand calculus number, size and location. Asymptomatic not secondary to other diseases and the general prostate stones without special treatment. The large number of stone or patients under age and physical condition considering the possibility of surgical treatment, the drugs they are generally ineffective.

Pediatric Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid

Can occur at any age, But in 2 to 4-year-old and 8 to 10 years of age incidence up. Women more than men. There are 3-onset: A body type more common in young children, women and men may get sick. Mainly fever, rash, arthritis and other organ involvement symptoms. Fever was flip-hot type, one day, there will be one or two peaks, high fever up to 40 ° C above the daily fluctuations up 3 to 4 ° C, shivering with fever before. During heat illness heavier, thermal children back normal circumstances turned for the better. Fever sustainable few weeks or a few months, often spontaneous remission, but easy to relapse. Accompanied rash during fever, rash was pleomorphic, scattered ranging from the size of erythema, dual-can be integrated into, or submission annular erythema, skin rash appeared quite short, easy to relapse, common to the trunk can be seen at plantar limbs, and even palms. Arthritis symptoms generally lighter, and more performance for multi-joint involvement, there are no joint symptoms. Many children with varying degrees of liver, spleen, lymph nodes. There are a small number of cases, pleurisy, pericarditis or myocarditis. Second, multiple joints of this type of performance similar to adult rheumatoid arthritis, started only 1 ~ 2 joint involvement, as early migration of becoming more fixed symmetry arthritis. The main facet of this type of the characteristics of the proximal interphalangeal joint disease most often, followed by the metacarpophalangeal and toe joints, the joints can also be involved if the knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, hip, spine, especially the cervical spine, and other joints . More slow onset of this type, the incidence of intense minorities. In early partial pain, morning stiffness, after joint swelling, heat, pain, gradually turned into a spindle, activities restricted, knee, elbow, means, wrist was fixed flexion. Only a small number of cases not swollen pain without swelling or pain. Muscle cramps near the joints, and then a decline, which finally led to the deformation caused lesions joint deformity and stiffness, joint deformation was particularly prevalent in the six months to a year after the onset, that is, reduce the pain at this time. If other parts of the body such as the joint involvement can cause cervical neck pain and stiffness, temporomandibular joint involvement often caused chewing obstacles. Minor systemic symptoms, only low heat, fatigue, decreased appetite, mild anemia and mild liver, spleen, lymph nodes. Minority children in the vicinity of a joint subcutaneous nodules. Rheumatoid factor for the positive. Third, single-articular joints involved only a small number (often one), mainly involving large joints such as the knee, ankle, elbow and other places. Joints may be a chronic inflammatory process or repeated seizures, but rarely cause serious joint activities restricted. This type of joint involvement in a small number of cases at the same time or after a iridocyclitis can sometimes be the first symptom of this type. Minor systemic symptoms may have low heat, weakness, mild anemia and liver and spleen enlarged lymph nodes.

The diagnosis of rheumatoid Children

For children with the long-term sustainability of symmetry and more arthritis, And mainly to small joints, eventually led to joint deformities typical symptoms, diagnosis general it is not difficult. But the systemic type common in children, especially in young children can only fever symptoms without obvious joints, easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, if long-term intermittent fever, a transient pleomorphic rash, liver and spleen enlarged lymph nodes, the total number of leukocytes increased, but failed to find infected lesions should consider this disease. If children the rigid section, after more than alleviate symptoms of the phenomenon, but also can help the diagnosis. The laboratory should make further checks and X-ray examination of bone joints to diagnosis. The course is much different. Occasionally in a short-term acute attack after fully restored. Minority children after 2 to 3 years after the acute phase of the symptoms disappear, no sequels. The majority of children with joint symptoms of relapse and remission turn, be re-light when. Sometimes illness has been calm for many years, could still relapse.

IgA nephropathy outlined diagnosis

IgA nephropathy is a group of more than cause immune from the same characteristics of the pathology of chronic glomerular diseases. Clinical about 40% to 45% of the patients presented with the naked eye or under the microscope hematuria, 35% to 40% of the patients showed proteinuria with microscopic hematuria, and the remaining performance nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. IgA nephropathy is a common worldwide glomerular diseases, and its prevalence in different continents, different countries or in different regions of a country very different, such as Asia, Japan, Singapore, the incidence of IgA nephropathy of the Primary glomerular disease by 50%, but the western United States, Indian low-only two percent. Generally speaking, white, yellow, significantly higher than the incidence rate of blacks. China IgA nephropathy accounts for the incidence of the primary glomerular disease 26% to 34%. Male to female ratio is about 2:1. Hematuria mainly to the effects of IgA nephropathy At present there is no treatment. As the disease pathological type and glomerular damage greater degree of difference. Therefore, patients should be closely observed gross hematuria attack frequency, the degree of proteinuria, hypertension and renal dysfunction there extent, and were taken appropriate prevention and control measures. Clinical manifestations 1. Attack gross hematuria, 2. Mild proteinuria, most of <1 g / 24 hours, 3. Hypertension; 4. Other manifestations such as a uremic may have uremia clinical manifestations. Diagnosis 1. Occurred in the upper respiratory tract infection or gross hematuria or asymptomatic microscopic hematuria and proteinuria (especially young men), 2. Hematuria for glomerular (mainly deformed red blood cells), proteinuria is high, medium or elements Mixed proteinuria, may be elevated serum IgA 3. biopsy immune pathological examination mesangial area can be seen mainly IgA granular Immunofluorescence 4. except streptococcal infection after acute glomerulonephritis, non - IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, thin basement membrane nephropathy, lupus nephritis, Purpura Nephritis, cirrhosis of the liver and alcohol-induced liver disease, such as kidney damage.

What are the acute glomerulonephritis complications?

Acute phase of serious complications mainly the cycle of serious congestive state, hypertensive encephalopathy and acute renal failure. As in recent years to strengthen its work on the prevention of incidence and mortality has decreased significantly. 1. Cycle congestive state: because Shuinazhuliu, blood volume dried up, until pulmonary edema. Each reported incidence of varying severity and treatment related. China 50 to 60 years reported to be hospitalized children with acute nephritis 24% to 27% of such complications seen, in recent years, the report has been lowered to 2.4%. Occurred after the onset of acute nephritis 1 ~ 2 weeks. Clinical manifestations of dyspnea, not supine, chest tightness, cough, lung wet at the end of rales, the liver tenderness, such as law Benma about heart failure symptoms, the result of blood volume expansion due to cardiac pump with real exhaust different. At this time of a stroke more often and are not reduced, the normal cycle time, moving no more blood oxygen difference, and the tonic effect of poor digitalis, diuretics and often to ease the application. Very few can be developed to truly severe heart failure, in a few hours to 1 to 2 days rapidly and life-threatening pulmonary edema. 2. Hypertensive encephalopathy: that blood pressure (DBP in particular) dramatically increased, in terms of a central nervous symptoms. General children than adults. Generally believe that this disease is systemic hypertension on the basis of resistance to the brain caused cerebral vasospasm small hypoxic brain edema caused, but also some people believe that the rapid rise of blood pressure, cerebral vascular original with the automatic control systolic and diastolic function of regulation, a high degree of cerebral vascular congestion, a result of cerebral edema, acute nephritis In addition the Shuinazhuliu also play a role in pathogenesis. Occurred early in the course of acute glomerulonephritis, a general acute onset showed severe headache, frequent nausea and vomiting, followed by visual disturbances, vertigo, diplopia, temporary and Mongolia, and lethargy or irritability, if not promptly Treatment occurred convulsions, coma, a few temporary hemiplegia aphasia, when severe cerebral hernia. Nervous system have no limitations signs, and shallow reflection tendon reflexes can weaken or disappear, sometimes positive ankle clonus, and there will be pathological reflex, can be a serious signs and symptoms of cerebral hernia. Fundus examination common retinal artery spasm, and sometimes that papilledema. CSF Qingliang, pressure and protein in normal or slightly increased. Such as blood pressure more than 18.7/12.0 kPa (140/90mmHg), with a visual impairment, seizures and coma of a three could be diagnosed. 3. Acute renal failure: a significant portion of patients with acute nephritis in the acute phase with varying degrees of azotemia, but progress to acute renal failure, only a very small number. Lack of complications is still effective preventive measures, acute nephritis has become the leading cause of death. Clinical manifestations oliguria or urine, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine increased, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis. Oliguria or urine for three to five or more than one week, after urine increased, the symptoms disappeared, and the gradual return of renal function. 4, secondary bacterial infection, acute nephritis as lower body resistance and easy to secondary infection, the most common being the lungs and urinary tract infection, in case of a secondary infection, it should actively symptomatic treatment, so as to avoid the original disease heavier.

Alcoholic fatty liver clinical manifestations

　First, symptoms:
Asymptomatic more mild fatty liver, and severe fatty liver in chronic hepatitis can be demonstrated
similar performance, such as mild general malaise, fatigue, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, nausea,
vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, a few patients fever, diarrhea, limb numbness,
Shoushan, sexual dysfunction, male impotence.
Second, signs: Most good nutritional status, there are obese, and some patients have hepatomegaly, spleen little
more. AFL (alcoholic fatty liver) patients with severe rarely cholestasis. ALD the United States a
large-scale collaborative research shows that only 19% of the patients with organized AFL performance
of cholestasis, and the incidence of jaundice is as high as 31 percent, and the Organization of
cholestasis and liver cirrhosis in the AFL unrelated.
Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital 15 cases of fatigue, abdominal distension, liver pain each 67%;
limbs, numbness, sexual dysfunction 47 percent each; impotence accounted for 40%, hepatomegaly three
cases station 20%, one of them moderately Fatty liver large 4 cm, the other one case of severe fatty
liver big 9 cm.
Third, laboratory tests:
Laboratory tests of liver function abnormalities, depending on the degree of fat invasion, and was
scheduled. Mild fatty liver can be no significant laboratory abnormalities, severe fatty liver, there
will be the ALT, AST and GGT, blood red of bile (BiL), and triglyceride (TG) of mild to moderate
increase. No alcohol in patients TG increased significantly.

What alcoholic hepatitis clinical performance?

Alcoholic hepatitis can be no early symptoms, but have pathological changes of the liver, often prior
to the onset of a large number of short-term drinking history, with a clear weight loss, loss of
appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and general malaise, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea, upper
gastrointestinal bleeding and mental symptoms. There are signs of jaundice, and hepatomegaly and
tenderness, while splenomegaly and looking, gray, ascites and swelling Zhizhuzhi, esophageal varices.
From the laboratory inspection, anemia and neutrophils increased, the volume of red blood cells (MCV),
more than 95 FL, increased serum bilirubin, up 17.1 μ moL / L or more, moderately elevated
aminotransferase, and often greater than 2.0, Determination of mitochondrial AST (mAST) and with the
AST (tAST), the ratio of its increased up to 12.5 +5.2%. And γ-GT, glutamate dehydrogenase, and
alkaline phosphatase activity increased prothrombin time extension.

Treatment of acute hepatitis B principle

The vast majority of acute hepatitis B is self-limited disease, just rest, diet and general symptomatic treatment can be resumed immediately. However, a small number of patients may relapse, or shift of no specific treatment of chronic infection, the main emphasis symptomatic and supportive treatment. Restore the main condition is the natural outcome of any treatment that there was very little to shorten their natural course. Ancillary drugs combined effect may alleviate some symptoms, but recovered with a specific disease unrelated to drugs. 1, rest: There are obvious symptoms of hepatitis, jaundice cases in particular, need bed rest, we must continue to obvious symptoms and jaundice dissipated. As the condition improves, may relax its activities. Mild patients and the general recovery of patients, unnecessary mandatory bed, activities they do not feel the intensity of a patient for the degree of fatigue. Early activities can be considered to recurrence and chronic unfounded.
2, diet: no special diet, the majority of patients with low-fat high-sugar diet more delicious. In a period of illness, loss of appetite and nausea, vomiting heavier, eating small, should pay attention to fluid balance and the heat added, many patients may be advised eating a small amount of light and Yixiaohua food, loss of appetite and may be improved with the meal tastes without specific restrictions. Alcoholic beverages always should be prohibited.
3, drugs: can be applied with some simple symptomatic and supportive drugs could also be applied to some Qingre Lishi of Chinese herbal medicine, such as Xihuangcao, Tianji yellow, Banlangen, and so on. Cholestatic hepatitis available Xiong deoxycholic acid (UDCA) to accelerate Tuihuang with biliary elimination amine (chol Tian tyramhl) in the treatment of pruritus.

Patients with hepatitis easily cause bleeding

Patients with hepatitis, especially hepatitis and severe chronic hepatitis late that often spontaneous bleeding gums, epistaxis difficult to stop, skin plaque deposition, injection site bleeding, blood in the stool, blood, Nixie, variceal bleeding after rupture, and that the two lower extremities and buttocks appear Purpura, such as bloody pleural effusion or ascites. Hepatitis bleeding reasons are complex, some mechanism is not yet clear, however, the following factors. (1) Hepatitis manufacturers to reduce the clotting factor. Exist in normal blood clotting substances and anti-coagulation factor, blood flow can not be solidified, and the site will enable timely hemorrhage bleeding. The liver is manufacturing Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, such as clotting factor Ⅹ organs. Hepatitis, suppression and destruction of these clotting factor on the quality and quantity so that the ability to reduce blood coagulation. (2) hepatitis increased consumption of coagulation factor. Liver cells bear the clotting material removal capacity, and this capacity hepatitis reduced inflammation but also promote coagulation live-like substances released, the clotting factor than usual consumption has increased significantly. (3) or hepatitis C virus antigen - direct-antibody complex vascular endothelial injury, activation of coagulation system, which can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation and blood circulation in the large-thrombus formation. Microthrombus the liver, kidney, brain and other organs of blood flow is obstructed, ischemia, necrosis and hemorrhage. (4) the role of hemostasis Fibrinolysis. Fibrin usually depends on the formation of liver removed. Hepatitis serious this capacity reduced to Fibrinolysis and bleeding. (5) the quality of platelet abnormalities. Platelets are blood hemostasis in the vanguard. Hepatitis viruses and immune complexes can inhibit the bone marrow to produce platelet reduction in the volume of damage. The whole process and hypersplenism intravascular coagulation and platelet destruction to excessive consumption also relevant. (6) Endotoxemia and closely related to bleeding. Hepatitis particularly severe hepatitis, from the gut, liver toxin can not be filtering, and entered detoxification flow will enable the release of thrombosis of blood caused indemnity temperature intravascular coagulation. (7) secondary infection. Severe hepatitis and chronic hepatitis decreased resistance to the body, various pathogens on either pneumonia, abdominal infections, skin abscesses, sepsis and deep bacteria infections. Pathogen infection and reproduction produced by the internal and external toxins, and immune substances combine to activate a large number of thrombosis blood coagulation system, leading to bleeding. In short, hepatitis bleeding, can be above a certain factors mainly, but also a variety of factors may be the result of the role.

Prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence

Duodenal ulcer is a chronic, easy recurrence of the disease.
Most of the ball after Hz ulcer patients with anti-receptor agent orange tagamet (cimetidine), ranitidine, famotidine treatment after six weeks, can heal, but after the withdrawal, about 80% patients will relapse within a year also.
- How to prevent the recurrence of ulcer disease?
This was from the start with the occurrence of ulcer disease. Modern that canker is acid, pepsin hit the ball mucosa, the former more than the latter of attacks by the defense force. Modern ulcer disease treatment strategy has been aimed at reducing gastric acid secretion and mucosal resist the invasion of raising two aspects.
Medical experts believe that the HP (Helicobacter pylori) was the ball can be used in patients with ulcer-orange H2 receptor merger of antibacterial drugs (such as oral tablets gentamicin, marzulene - S particles, colloidal bismuth agent); the HP-negative patients with ulcer available Hz receptor blockers combined mucosal protective agent (such as sucralfate) treatment. Duodenal ulcer can be refractory to proton pump inhibitor treatment Losec 4-6 weeks. Above combined on the lower-ulcer recurrence rate barnyard great benefits.
Ulcer healing, and to use the long-term prevention of recurrence of H2-receptor antagonist taken every night, to six months or even a year longer time. The maintenance of this therapy is applicable to chronic ulcer bleeding history, the regular recurrence (2 attack more than a year) in elderly patients.
For nearly three years, diagnosed by endoscopy ulcer disease, every year at least one acute attack of 18-60 years old-ulcer patients can be carried out after short-term treatment of symptoms of self-therapy (SSC).

Duodenal ulcer prevention

Recurrent ulcer with the clinical features of the right to carry out preventive care is especially important. Generally speaking, the beginning of stomach pain, and more emotional Fusui, eating the festival. Therefore, in the spirit of prevention, we should attach importance tune with the eating perturbation. Be happy with the spirit, the spirit of avoiding excessive tension or depression; Laoyijiege work to prevent over exertion to be living the law must not over eating and drinking diet, or hunger eat uneven, generally Shaoshichecan to the light Yixiaohua suitable food, avoid spicy, Feigan restaurants and liquor potent stimulus. The continuation of the stomach, in a certain period of time into liquid or semi-liquid diet. Quit smoking and other bad habits. Cautiously uses the stimulation of gastrointestinal mucosa have the role of chemical drugs.
In care, such as the continuation of stomach pain, pain more intense, bed rest should ease before they could get out of bed activities. Have a large number of black or hematemesis, hematochezia, timely hospitalization, to guard against any contingency. Oral decoction of Deficiency-Cold Zheng of the stomach, to serving temperature, and should be before the onset of pain medication; on Yu Xure of stomach pain or fever, are advised to use cooler temperatures. If accompanied see vomiting, and can be used for multiple points decoction service.

Colorectal cancer should be differentiated from the diseases?

　(1) Hemorrhoid: rectal cancer are often mistaken for hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids and more generally for painless bleeding, fresh color is not mixed with feces, and the blood in the stool of patients with colorectal cancer accompanied mucus and rectum stimulate symptoms, sigmoid colon and rectal examination Identification of examination can be funded.
(2) amebic colitis: When evolve into chronic diseases, ulcer granulation tissue at the base and the surrounding fibrous proliferation hyperplasia, bowel wall thickening, mesocaval narrow, easily misdiagnosed as cancer, biopsy should be made at this time.
(3) intestinal tuberculosis: age at onset of lighter, more than any other organ previous history of tuberculosis, good in the ileocecal. But proliferation of intestinal tuberculosis, as a large number of tuberculous granuloma and fibrous tissue hyperplasia, the bowel wall thickening and hardening, easy to confuse and blind colorectal cancer, a biopsy must be clear diagnosis, x barium meal examination, the lesion can be found at Jire phenomena or jumping phenomenon, in the diagnosis of help.
(4) Limitations enteritis: Well, in youth, a common abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, suffering from weight loss, anemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal mass and fistula formation signs and symptoms, the x barium meal and fiber colon mirror can be identified.
(5) chronic dysentery: The patient may be in abdominal pain, diarrhea, it Nongxue rare, mild Lijihouchong by stool culture, barium enema and endoscopy, it is not difficult to make the diagnosis.
(6) ulcerative colitis: chronic dysentery symptoms did were quite similar, but there are recurrent history of negative stool culture, sigmoid colon examination that was fine granular mucosal changes, vascular texture disappeared, as well as with congestive red oval-shaped small ulcers, its surface covered with yellow-white regular exudation, serious irregularities have a big ulcer.
(7) Other: If Hualiu of Lymphogranuloma rectal endometriosis, colonic diverticulitis go far to help symptoms, signs, x-fiber colonoscopy screening and identification form.

Acute erosive gastritis how should care

In the gastric mucosa and the inherent concave surface membrane of epithelial cell degeneration, small Au epithelial hyperplasia and the inherent membrane cell infiltration caused mucosal congestion, edema, exudative. Multiple in the antrum, and sometimes a small amount of erosion and bleeding, and some patients in the antrum with more erosive lesions, or with warts strong uplift, said chronic or verrucous erosive gastritis.
Atrophic gastritis, inflammation inherent depth mucosal membrane, leading to the inherent gland atrophy, the mucous layer thinning, mucosal folds flat, or even disappear, accompanied intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.
Some patients pyloric sphincter dysfunction, duodenal contents reflux Ruwei, since the contents of a bile reflux, caused bile reflux gastritis.
Chronic gastritis more merger gallstones or chronic ulcerative colitis.
Chinese understanding:
Weak internal factors for the spleen and stomach, eating festival, the emotional trauma, Dr Yat over its predisposing factor.
Eating festival, not Jizhi, Yu suppressed dispenser; anxiety anger, loss convey and disperse liver, stomach wrist with stagnation; excessive consumption Haoshang blood, toil, over easy, not Shu Qi. Virtual-spleen and stomach, in addition to the above factors impeded dispenser, Yuchiweihuan, is the abnormal movements of the basic pathogenesis.
Syndrome symptoms:
Most of chronic gastritis no obvious symptoms, some patients Baozhang abdominal discomfort, pain Weihuan, noisy, gas, nausea and anorexia. General stomach gastritis that anorexia, weight loss, or with anemia; antral gastritis or with gallstones, especially the more bile reflux, which can cause acute erosive apparent pain, noisy, hot, small, there may be serious of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such as hematemesis, and mean.
Chronic gastritis in Chinese medicine books are mostly stomach pain, Seoul, full, gas, noise, and other areas. I After years of exploration, spleen and stomach into a weakness, Pi virtual Zhizhi, the cereal Qi Shangni, Ganwei not permit type, and others, could be combined hepatobiliary Huo-sheng, such as intestinal Fu hot and humid.

Acute erosive gastritis is how matter?

Known as acute haemorrhagic gastritis, often taking aspirin, Bao Taisong, indomethacin, adrenal cortical hormones, or alcohol abuse, severe trauma, major surgery, an important organ (heart, liver, kidney) failure cause. Sudden onset, clinical gastrointestinal bleeding above the main performance of the disease, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding causes about 1 / 4 of the above, after peptic ulcer bleeding. Light, only fecal occult blood positive, and most patients will be black and hematemesis. With the illness and repeated bleeding was intermittent attack. The disease usually peptic ulcer bleeding more serious condition, after massive blood transfusion, hemoglobin increased more difficult. Apart from bleeding, most patients had abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness and loss of appetite, and other symptoms. However, in addition to medical examinations fast pulse, pulse pressure decreases, signs of bleeding, such as anemia outlook, in general, there are no other obvious signs of abnormalities.

What is acute gastritis

Department of acute gastritis caused by the different causes of acute gastric mucosal inflammation. Can be a serious disease involving submucosal and muscle, and even deep serosal layer. Etiology clinical and pathological changes by the different divided into acute simple gastritis, acute erosive gastritis, corrosive acute gastritis, acute suppurative gastritis, which in simple clinical acute gastritis most common, and as the wider use of antibiotics, acute suppurative gastritis has been rare. Lead to acute gastritis a number of factors, the chemical or physical stimulation, but also cause bacteria or their toxins. Chemical stimulation mainly from spirits, tea, coffee, spices and drugs (such as salicylate preparations, indomethacin, Bao Taisong, glucocorticoid, etc.), which is more acute gastritis corrosive swallowed by the strong acid, alkali and other Fushiji result. Physical stimulation such as overheating, too cold, too rough food and X-ray irradiation, gastric mucosal damage will be caused inflammatory changes. And eating bacteria or their toxins contaminated food is the most common acute gastritis caused a cause. The clinical manifestations of acute gastritis ranging from the severity of regular, but both the incidence of intense. Light, only abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia; can have serious hematemesis, black excrement, and even water loss, as well as poisoning and shock. Treatment of acute gastritis according to the etiology and clinical manifestations targeted treatment. Simple acute gastritis shorter course, with self-limited; other acute gastritis after treatment, nor do not leave any lesions, but the course of acute gastritis serious corrosion, there will be late esophagus, stomach and other parts of pyloric stenosis .

Common chronic gastritis because it is what

Chronic gastritis caused a lot of reasons, almost any factor can affect the body can cause chronic gastritis. More definite cause as follows: (1) bacteria, viruses or toxins: a predilection for acute gastritis, gastric mucosal lesions prolonged Fuyu and developed chronic superficial gastritis. (2) irritating substances: long-term drink alcohol, tea, coffee and other irritating substances thick, protective barriers and gastric mucosal damage in gastritis. (3) Medications: Some drugs such as salicylates, digitalis, Bao Taisong, indomethacin, Xin-fun, and so can lead to chronic gastric mucosal damage. (4) mouth, pharynx chronic infection. (5) bile reflux; bile contains bile could undermine the gastric mucosal barrier to gastric juice in the anti-hydrogen ion diffusion into the gastric mucosa and cause inflammation. (6) X-ray irradiation: depth stomach X-rays, can cause gastric mucosal damage, have gastritis. (7) Helicobacter pylori infection. (8) the earth physical changes: such as environmental change, climate change, people will not be able to adapt in a short period of time, can cause neurological function unencumbered stomach disorder, we gastric secretion and gastric uncoordinated movement, have gastritis. (9) long-term mental tension, life is the law. (10) the impact of other organ diseases: such as chronic nephritis, uremia, ulcerative colitis, anemia, chronic heart failure, and so can cause chronic gastritis.

Pathological changes of viral pneumonia

From upper respiratory tract infection, airway epithelial extensive damage mucosal ulceration occurred, the membrane lining of fibrin. Airway function to reduce the defense easily lead to bacterial infection, low immune status, the fair merger fungi, protozoa in particular Pneumocystis carinii infection. Simple viral pneumonia caused interstitial pneumonia, a large alveolar interval mononuclear cell infiltration. Alveolar edema, coated with plasma protein and fiber membrane protein transparent, thickened alveolar indemnity from the membrane. Pneumonia can be focal or diffuse widely, and even real change. Alveolar cells and macrophages that virus inclusion. Bronchioloalveolar with exudation. Absorption lesions can be left pulmonary fibrosis, and even nodular calcification.

What young people are most susceptible to pneumonia?

Young people are most susceptible to bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, and is often ill toxic pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia pathogens mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and to the cause The most common pneumonia.

Pharyngeal keratosis

Pharyngeal outlined keratosis (keratosis of pharynx) is pharyngeal lymphoid tissue epithelial cells excessive Kok of, and often occurred in palatine tonsil and tongue tonsil, and the posterior pharyngeal bands with lymphoid tissue. Cause is not yet clear. Clinical manifestations can be without symptoms, often inadvertently discovered throat, white spots may have pharyngeal discomfort, foreign body sensation, pain, hoarseness and other halitosis. Examination showed tonsil and other lymphoid tissue surface scattered white or yellow and white sharp prominence, flaky difficult to remove. Occasionally, who disappeared on their own. The disease crypt with acute tonsillitis identification, keratosis the more hard-keratosis, basal closely with the adhesion and difficult to remove. No surrounding tissue lesions. If the treatment of asymptomatic may not need treatment, more explanation to dispel their concerns. Pay attention to oral health, local iodine Tu 3% glycerol, 10% potassium iodide intake into the body, electrocoagulation or laser treatment. Limited to the tonsillectomy may resection.

Parapharyngeal abscess

Overview parapharyngeal abscess (parapharyngeal abscess) is the parapharyngeal space has purulent inflammation The abscess formation. Parapharyngeal space for the buccal pharyngeal fascia prevertebral fascia and the potential gaps, starting on the base of the skull, issued hyoid cornu. on the inside is pharyngeal constrictor muscle and fascia cheek pharynx, parotid for lateral, the former foreign to the mandible or extension and lateral pterygoid muscle, after prevertebral fascia. Parapharyngeal space from the styloid process and the muscle attachment styloid process is divided into before and after the gap. Parapharyngeal space were filled with loose connective tissue and a few lymph nodes, and the former neighboring palatine tonsil, with the retropharyngeal space separated. Pathology Disease (1) from the surrounding tissue suppurative inflammation expansion, as occurred around the tonsil infections and around tonsil abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, parotid abscess, abscess molars, Beizuo ears Germany abscesses. (2) caused by trauma, such as a 61 stab wounds and surgical trauma, bacterial infection caused by direct access from pyogenic abscess. (3) the lymphatic system infections, such as acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, rheumatoid crown weeks. (4) Hematogenous from infection, but clinical rare. Clinical manifestations systemic severe symptoms, fever, chills, body temperature was flip-heat and sweating, headache, loss of appetite, or even collapse. Parapharyngeal lateral neck and severe pain, dysphagia, pronunciation unclear, sometimes trismus. Inspection : ipsilateral neck and lower jaw and swelling after mandibular angle, inconsistent and hard tenderness, severe reached parotid gland, issued sternocleidomastoid and supraclavicular fossa there swelling. As infection in the deep neck, the skin surface without congestive also failed to get a sense of volatility. Pharyngeal wall uplift and congestive slightly, tonsil itself with or without disease can be pushed inside. Diagnosis based on symptoms and signs is not difficult to diagnose. When necessary pus aspiration can be diagnosed. But with the need around the tonsil abscess, retropharyngeal abscess and mandibular lymphadenitis and mumps as well. Common complications were infection carotid sheath so that the internal carotid artery wall erosion to the pharynx to break the fatal bleeding, or break the formation of pseudoaneurysms and pretended to swallow incision and drainage must be made should be taken with caution. If internal jugular vein infection, thrombosis can occur phlebitis or sepsis. Infection can occur down the proliferation of mediastinitis. Actively anti-infection treatment, the blood appropriate rehydration therapy and strengthening support. Abscess formation timely incision and drainage must be made. (1) the throat drainage : swelling of the throat most obvious incision and drainage must be made. (2) by the neck drainage : midpoint of the mandibular angle in front of sternocleidomastoid muscle for a longitudinal incision, also from the lower edge of the mandible in other parallel beneath about 1 cm for a transverse incision. After the skin incision with vascular clamp pure separation until soft tissue abscess, and drainage must be made after the drainage of the home. Partially wound suture.

Acute laryngitis

Overview of acute laryngitis (acute laryngitis) is the acute laryngeal mucosa card he inflammation, often secondary to acute rhinitis, sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, for the entire upper respiratory tract infection, as well as can happen in isolation. Sometimes loudly shouting, excessive use of throat and cough, can cause acute laryngitis. Do occur in children, the condition is more serious. Pathology Disease (1) lower body resistance : common cold, lower body resistance can be induced acute laryngitis. Started most of virus infection, after bacteria break (with pneumococcus, influenzae, hemolytic streptococcus and other styles). (2) occupational factors : Actors, teachers, salespersons excessive use of voice; personnel mines and factories producing excessive inhalation of dust or harmful gases (such as chlorine, ammonia, bromine, iodine, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, pesticides, etc.). (3) acute infectious disease : the disease often and measles, pertussis, influenza, scarlet fever and other acute diseases merger. (4) injury : lump in the throat stimulation, inspection equipment damage (such as direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy examination bumps). Clinical symptoms generally little body, while the only hoarseness, voice confirms, a low, husky gradually increased beyond, even fully Aphonia, throat pain and general malaise, individual patients may have fever, chills and other symptoms. Other symptoms of cough, sputum and throat dry, itching, foreign body sensation. Serious swelling of the throat, may also arise inspiratory respiratory difficulties, but adults rarely occurs. Indirect jets mirror visible laryngeal mucosa diffuse congestion and swelling. Interest maitain light red or bright red, and sometimes we can see the vocal cords or hemorrhage with viscosity fluids vocal swelling, Free geopolitical changes pure, acoustic vocal when both sides can Bijin. Treatment (1) systemic therapy : more severe disease, with a clear systemic symptoms, and should appropriately rest with antibiotics, Sulfa drugs and hormone (prednisone 5 ~ 10 mg three times a day) treatment. (2) Patients should ban alcohol, eat a hot spicy food and less speech for the benefit of inflammation dissipated. (3) local treatment : FM physiotherapy, has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, a daily two-time, compound benzoin tincture vapor inhalation, daily three-four times. Aerosol Inhalation : Antibiotics combined with hormone liquid (or add some adrenaline, ephedrine 1%). (4) TCM : available stem Mahuangtang musk deer (Moschus ephedra stem 9 9 6 Almond Sterculia Scaphigera licorice 6 5 6 Campanulaceae). If sputum, fever, short breath and chest tightness, the patient's condition worsened, feeding Qingre Xuanfei, mainly Huatan Liyan. Ning-jets with lung soup (Campanulaceae imperatorin 9 9 9 Sangbaipi Pui Hung Line 9 6 9 Baicalin Gardenia 6 licorice 3).

Acute epiglottitis

Overview of acute epiglottitis (acute epiglottitis) epiglottis is the acute inflammatory mucosal lesions, Treatment often to less than abscess formation, children and adults are visible. Pathology Disease (1) infections : Acute epiglottitis (acute epiglottitis) often by a virus or bacterial, Influenza B by more bacillus caused, but also for streptococcus, staphylococcus infection mixed. (2) Trauma : If foreign body piercing, throat injury, and the endoscopic examination or intubation injury. Clinical manifestations (1) rapid onset and are fever, chills, headache, general malaise, can be accompanied by serious breathing difficulties. (2) severe sore throat, swallowing aggravating, it often spills saliva. (3) epiglottic swelling, resulting in ambiguous language, with words like objects. (4) indirect laryngoscopy see epiglottic swelling, especially buds that can be re-spherical, if the abscess formation, epiglottis buds can be seen yellow-white pus point. Treatment (1) broad-spectrum antibiotic dose intramuscular or intravenous drip. (2) If the swelling serious, those with respiratory problems should also increase with hormone infusion to reduce edema in the epiglottis. For the apparent throat obstruction symptoms, should be timely for tracheotomy, in order to avoid suffocation. (3) abscess formation, the laryngoscope under incision and drainage must be made. (4) local antibiotic and hormone given aerosol inhalation, to promote inflammation dissipated.

Subacute thyroiditis

Overview of subacute thyroiditis (subacute thyroiditis) also known as de Querva in thyroiditis, granulomatous thyroiditis, cytomegalovirus thyroiditis. Pathology Disease Causes : have not yet been fully explained, and is generally believed that the virus infection. Evidence : 1. Patients often before onset of upper respiratory tract infection, the incidence often changes with the seasons, with certain pandemic. 2. Patients with blood virus antibody (antibody titer height and stage of the disease in line), The most common is the Coxsackie virus antibody, followed by adenovirus antibodies, antibody influenza virus, mumps virus antibodies. Although there are reports from patients with subacute thyroiditis the thyroid tissues were isolated mumps virus, But subacute thyroiditis reason is the clear evidence that the virus has not yet been found. Meanwhile, the Chinese, the Japanese subacute thyroiditis and HLA-Bw35 connected, It was suggested that the virus vulnerability with genetic factors, but there are also patients with the HLA-Bw35 irrelevant. Pathology : goiter, texture than real. Plane can still see transparent plastics, which are scattered in the gray lesions. See under the microscope thyroid lesions acinar alternative to the granuloma, a large number of chronic inflammatory cells, cells and swallowing some plastic particles in giant cell formation of nodular lesions similar to tuberculosis, there was a granuloma or cytomegalovirus called thyroiditis. Clinical performance was particularly prevalent in middle-aged women. The incidence is seasonal, as the summer is the peak incidence. Patients often at the onset of upper respiratory tract infection. Typical were the entire stage of the disease can be divided into the early with hyperthyroidism, with the medium-term recovery and Hypothyroidism 3. (1) Early-onset more dramatic, was fever, accompanied by afraid of the cold, shivering, fatigue and loss of appetite inability. The most characteristic of the performance of the thyroid site pain and tenderness, often to the lower jaw, ears or neck after radiotherapy or anywhere, chewing and swallowing pain increased thyroid lesions different, we can start with a leaf, After expanding or transfer to another leaf, or always limited to a leaf. Lesions gland swelling, stiffness, tenderness significant. Extensive lesions, foam thyroid hormone estrogen, as well as non-iodized 1:00 significant quantities of protein release into the blood, Apart from infection so the general performance, but will also associated with the common hyperthyroidism performance. (2) Medium-term acinar when thyroid hormone due to thyroid damage and infection occurred depletion, thyroid cells have not yet been repaired, serum thyroid hormone concentrations can be reduced to the level of hypothyroidism. Clinical can also change the performance of hypothyroidism. (3) recovery symptoms gradually improved, and nodular goiter or gradually disappear, there are many cases, nodules left after the slow absorption. If timely treatment, most patients can be completely restored, become permanent hypothyroidism patients a tiny minority. Mild or not in the typical cases, thyroid only slightly increased, a slight pain and tenderness, fever, systemic symptoms minor, clinical may not have hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism performance. The disease course vary in length, from a few weeks to more than half a year, normally about two-three months, it said subacute thyroiditis. Condition after remission, it was possible recurrence. For patients with the diagnosis of fever, shortly large goiter with single or multiple nodules, inconsistent and hard notable tenderness. Clinical initially diagnosed the disease. Early laboratory tests increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis normal or reduced. Serum T3 and T4 increased and decreased blood TSH measured the radioactive iodine uptake rate can be reduced to 5% ~ 10% below. This feature in the diagnosis of the disease is important. Thyroid blood immunoglobulin initially has increased its return to normal thyroid hormone than late. Ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis and judge its active stage is a better method. Ultrasonic imaging tenderness appearing low-density lesion site. Puncture cell or tissue biopsy proved megakaryocyte existence. Treatment of adrenal cortical hormones carbohydrate of the disease a significant effect, 1 ~ medication within 2 days of fever and pain thyroid often rapidly eased, a week after the thyroid often significantly reduced. To be at the beginning of prednisone, three, four times, each time 10 mg qd 1 ~ 2 weeks, weekly decline gradually after 5 mg / d, a wholly-February, after the withdrawal, if relapse, prednisone can rule again, to which may be added with thyroid tablets, particularly hypothyroidism, available daily 40-120mg, several months later, and gradually closed. Antipyretic analgesic such as indomethacin, and other drugs, the disease is effective.

Thyroid cancer

Overview of thyroid cancer accounts for all cancer 1% in local nodular goiter prevalence, Thyroid cancer is particularly poorly differentiated thyroid cancer incidence rates are high. Age incidence rate among men below the 3 year / 100,000, while women do two-high three times. various types of thyroid cancer are also differences in age distribution, papillary adenocarcinoma most widely distributed, can occur in children under the age of 10 to centenarians, follicular cancer was particularly prevalent in the 20-100-year-old, Medullary cancer was particularly prevalent in the 40-80-year-old, undifferentiated carcinoma was particularly prevalent in the 40-90-year-old. The exact etiology of specific causes of the current uncertainty about, but from an epidemiological survey, and experimental tumor research and clinical observation, the incidence of thyroid cancer may be related to the following factors. (1) radiation injury with X-ray irradiation did the thyroid can induce animals thyroid cancer. Experimental I can prove 131 thyroid cell metabolism changes, nuclear deformation, the synthetic thyroxine greatly reduced. While radiation can be seen arising from the abnormal thyroid cell division, resulting in cancer; the other thyroid damage could not have endocrine factors, As a result, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion can trigger thyroid cancer cells. Clinically, many facts show the incidence of thyroid with radiation effects. Of particular note is that Baby-in period had enlarged thymus or lymph nodes - proliferation and to accept the mediastinum or neck radiation therapy of children particularly vulnerable to the thyroid cancer, it is because children and adolescents in the proliferation of cells, radiotherapy is an additional stimulus, easily trigger tumor formation. Adults in the neck after radiation therapy of thyroid cancer is rare opportunity. (2) of iodine and iodine TSH perturbations or excessive thyroid iodine deficiency can cause the structure and function of change. Switzerland endemic goiter prevalence of thyroid cancer incidence rate of 2% over Berlin and other non-pop 20 times higher. In contrast, iodine diet would also easily induced thyroid cancer, Iceland and Japan are the highest in the perturbation iodometric countries, thyroid cancer detection rate than other countries. This may stimulate the TSH and thyroid hyperplasia factors. Experiment shows that the long-term TSH stimulation can induce thyroid hyperplasia, forming nodules and cancer. (3) Other clinical thyroid disease with thyroid cancer, chronic thyroiditis. nodular goiter or carcinogenic toxic goiter reports But these thyroid disease and thyroid cancer certainly difficult relationship. To thyroid adenoma example, the great majority of thyroid follicular adenoma type, only 2 - 5% of the papilloma; If thyroid cancer from adenomatous change from, for the vast majority of follicular type, In fact more than half of thyroid cancer served as the first-cancer, thyroid adenoma speculate the incidence of cancer is very small. (4) genetic factors about 5 ~ 10% of medullary thyroid cancer of family history often associated with pheochromocytoma, etc. Run, suggesting the occurrence of this cancer may be related to chromosome genetic factors. Pathological changes (1) of papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid cancer is the most common type, accounting for about 70%. Sizes. General well-differentiated, low degree of malignancy. Cancer crispy soft and fragile and color dishes; But elderly patients Zhuang papillary carcinoma of the more rigid and pale. Papillary cancer center often cystic degeneration, capsule filled with bloody fluid. Sometimes cancer tissue calcification may occur, the cut surface sand samples. These cystic degeneration and calcification and the malignant tumor and prognosis. Seen under the microscope by columnar epithelial carcinoma papillae composition, sometimes mixed with follicle-like structure, even found papillary follicular to the kind of variation. Papillary adenocarcinoma leaves a complete envelope of late can also break the capsule and invasion of surrounding tissues, Sowing is mainly used lymphatic Most cervical lymph node metastases were the most common, About 80% of children and 2% of adult patients will palpable lymph nodes, followed by the transfer of blood to the lung or bone. (2) follicular adenocarcinoma than papillary adenocarcinoma rare thyroid cancer accounts for about 20%, ranking the second place, their average age of patients with papillary carcinoma than those large. Cancer is soft, flexible, rubber-like, circular, oval or sub-leaf-shaped nodules. Cut surface reddish-brown, showing fibrosis and calcification, hemorrhage and necrosis lesions. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in follicular microscope with normal thyroid similar to the organizational structure, but coated, vascular and lymphatic invasion by the phenomenon; poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were follicular see irregular structure, Incorporation into cell-intensive or strip-shaped, rarely formed follicles. Although the disseminated by means of lymph node metastasis, but mainly through the transfer of blood to the lung, bone and liver. Some follicular adenocarcinoma in patients after resection separated for a long time before relapse see, but the prognosis not good papillary adenocarcinoma. (3) medullary thyroid carcinoma of the thyroid cancer accounts for 2 ~ 5%. Hazard from the disease in 1959 first described, Calcitonin is the secretion of thyroid associated with pheochromocytoma and thyroid gland hyperplasia (II-type multiple endocrine tumor, MEN II) characteristics. Medullary thyroid cancer from embryos after body in the gills (ultimobranchial body). from the bright side of follicular cells (C cells) from changes. Follicular cells are derived from adjacent neural crest cells of the endocrine, these endocrine cells with a common function, It is able to uptake 5 - serotonin and dopamine precursors, and with the decarboxylase be decarboxylation, Therefore, also known as amine precursor uptake decarboxylation cells (amine precursor uptake and de carboxylation), or APUD cell. Single tumor nodules, sometimes multiple, quality hardware and fixed, amyloid deposition, little uptake of radioactive iodine. Cell morphology mainly by the polygon and spindle cell components, with diversification. (4) undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma of the thyroid cancer accounts for 5%, occurring mainly in middle-aged and older patients, male preponderance. Mass transfer rules without hard, fixed, fast-growing quickly diffuse involving the thyroid gland, usually in a short period of time could be infiltrating the trachea, muscle, nerves and blood vessels and cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing. Local tumor may have tenderness. See under the microscope by the major cancer organizations poorly differentiated epithelial cells, the cells were polymorphic, it is common to mitosis. Cervical lymphadenopathy may arise, but also of lung metastases. The prognosis of the disease is poor, the radioactive iodine therapy, external irradiation only partial control symptoms.

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis

An overview of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thy - roid itis), also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis), is an autoimmune disease. A cause. From the course of serum were detected in a high titer of anti-thyroid various components of autoantibodies. If thyroid microsomal antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies, and some patients with thyroid stimulation blocking antibody (TsBAb) values. 2. Immune cells as evidence of thyroid tissue, a large plasma cells and lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles. Had a mother cell (blastcell) formation, migration inhibitory factor and lymphocytes produce toxins, The patient's T cells are sensitized to the activity of the corresponding antigen mainly thyroid cells. 3. Some were accompanied by other autoimmune diseases, such as pernicious anemia, the Red Scars disseminated tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, type I diabetes, chronic active hepatitis. The disease late low thyroid function, the clinic was myxedema. With the inhibition of T-lymphocyte genetic defects lead to thyroid autoantibodies. In light of the disease still K cell-mediated immunity, including the release of Lymphotoxin soluble cells, Thyroid lead to cell damage. In addition to genetic factors and the incidence of autoimmune mechanism closely related. The disease is familial clustering phenomenon, and multiple women. Foreign HLA genetic factor in the study found that whites DBW3 Europe and the United States, DR5, And for the Japanese DBW53 there is a higher frequency. Most of the pathological changes glands showed diffuse swelling, solid texture, surface pale, uniform plane was lobulated, no necrosis or calcification. Thyroid early acinar epithelium was inflammatory damage, membrane rupture, the cytoplasm showed varying degrees of eosin staining, said normal cell function, and thyroid hyperplasia acinar changes, the disease is the characteristic pathology. Late thyroid atrophy, acinar change and a decrease in the number of small, very small cavity containing glue-like substance. The most characteristic change of mesenchymal throughout a large number of plasma cells and lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles, which can be found even foreign body giant cells. Additionally, there are middle-of connective tissue. Clinical manifestations of the disease more common in middle-aged women, the performance of goiter, slow onset, often unwittingly found, normal thyroid volume of about 2 ~ 3 times, the smooth surface, texture and resilience flexible as rubber, obviously nodules were rare. no tenderness, no adhesion with the surroundings, which can swallow campaign activities. Advanced there will be a few mild symptoms of partial oppression. The disease develops slowly, sometimes goiter in a few years may not change significantly. Early normal thyroid function. Course sometimes there may hyperthyroidism, and then normal, hypothyroidism, and then normal, similar to the process of subacute thyroiditis. but not with pain, fever, it said this state of painless thyroiditis, were called postpartum incidence of postpartum thyroiditis. But thyroid damage to a certain level, many patients began to emerge hypothyroidism, a few submissions myxedema. The disease can sometimes with pernicious anemia, which exist for patients with gastric parietal cell autoantibodies.

Acute Pharyngitis

Overview of acute pharyngitis (acute pharyngitis) is the pharyngeal mucosa. and spread submucosal lymphoid tissue and acute inflammation, often secondary to acute rhinitis or after tonsillectomy or acute upper respiratory tract infection is a part. Often to the systemic diseases or partial performance of acute communicable diseases for prodromal symptoms. Cause pathogenesis often catch cold, fatigue, excessive tobacco and alcohol to the general and local resistance decreased take advantage of pathogenic microorganisms caused the disease. Malnutrition, chronic heart, kidney, bone diseases, living and working environment is poor, regular contact with the heat, dust, stimulate the harmful gases Meng Yi sorrow of the disease. Pathogenic microorganisms mainly hemolytic streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, influenza bacilli and viruses. Clinical manifestations of clinical manifestations rapid onset, at the beginning of dry throat, burning, followed pain, dysphagia aggravating. Radiation can to ear. Sometimes general malaise, joint acid difficulties, headaches, loss of appetite, and with different degrees of heat. Inspection oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal mucosa diffuse congestion, swelling, palatal and vertical hanging obstruct edema and posterior pharyngeal lymphoid follicles and red bands; yellow, white surface point exudation, mandibular lymphadenopathy and tenderness. The body temperature can rise to 38 ° C, according to the different pathogenic WBC may increase or decrease to normal. According to the diagnosis attacks and throat pain, pharyngeal mucosa diffuse congestion, the disease is not difficult to diagnose. Certain acute infectious diseases (such as measles, scarlet fever, influenza and whooping cough, etc.) prodromal period of acute pharyngitis similar symptoms and signs, it should be noted differential. For child patients should pay attention to mouth the buccal mucosa and skin, to prevent misdiagnosis. Treatment (1) or symptomatic treatment and open stool, the water. (2) fever of antibiotics and sulfa drugs and antiviral drugs (such as morpholine - guanidine and the Golden amines, the virus Hope). (3) a partial available : 5000 Nitrofurazone fluid compound borax Gargle, Du fun, wash it too, mint tablets or iodine tablets containing, hormones or antibiotics plus aerosol inhalation. (4) TCM treatment : Chilliness heavy, light fever, sweat-free, floating veins were available Mahuangtang Oral. Fever heavy, light Chilliness also have yinqiaosan intake into the body, can also be used Niuhuangjiedu pills, anti-inflammatory pill detoxification, Oral Liushen Pill. Local BINGPENGSAN POWDER BY available or Xileisan were carried into the pharynx. Acupuncture cheek car, he-gu, or less for mandibular angle closure will enable dissipated inflammatory and analgesic effects of a long.