Acute upper respiratory infection

Overview of acute upper respiratory tract infections (acute upper Respiratoing infecti on) for common diseases of childhood, and therefor can incidence throughout the year, each person can be several times the incidence. Pathogens major violations of the nose, pharynx, larynx and tonsils caused inflammation. If the inflammation is limited to certain parts of the inflammation by name, such as acute rhinitis, acute tonsillitis. Otherwise referred to as upper respiratory tract infection. Pathology Disease (1) a pathogen. HIV : for acute upper respiratory tract infection in 90% of the common virus : ① paramyxovirus including influenza viruses (A and B), parainfluenza virus (1,2,3,4-), Respiratory syncytial virus; ② adenovirus : There are more than 30 serotypes can induce ranged from the upper respiratory tract infection; ③ small RNA virus; Coxsackie virus, including A, B, ECHO HIV virus and nose. 2. Bacteria : Bacterial infections of the secondary, because the infection of upper respiratory tract damage local defense mechanism causing upper respiratory bacteria flew invasive potential. A minority of primary infection, common cells for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcal, Staphylococcus and Haemophilus influenzae. Also for the virus and bacterial infection. (2) a predisposing factor. Anatomical and physiological characteristics see section I, that the defense is poor. 2. At a price of the long development and systemic immune dysfunction. 3. Diseases (1) congenital diseases : common as cleft lip, cleft palate, congenital heart disease and immune deficiency diseases. (2) acute infectious disease : such as measles, chicken pox, scarlet fever and mumps. In addition to common incentive for tuberculosis. (3) Nutritional Diseases : such as malnutrition, anemia, rickets and children with diarrhea. 4. Environmental factors (1) Health habits and unhealthy living conditions : if the shelter crowded, poorly ventilated, dark, wet insufficient sunshine, Smoking parents, nursing and respiratory ill infants usually forging luminous defense functions of the lower. (2) climate dramatically, as the cold can lead to nasal mucosa systolic and diastolic dysfunction is conducive to upper respiratory tract infection. Clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infection basic symptoms are fever and upper respiratory symptoms He card, and the severity of symptoms and age and the extent of infection. (1) of different age children with upper respiratory infections a clinical features. Children under three months : a slight fever or no fever. By obstructing the nose and nasal resistance due to the more prominent symptoms. Cry if uneasy, open-mouth breathing, sucking difficulties, refused to milk, sometimes accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. 2. David infant children with performance : (a) total symptom heavier, the sudden onset of high fever 39 ° C .5-40, sustained 1 -2 days. individual for several days, some suffering from high fever accompanied by convulsions; (2) general congestion, runny nose, coughing or throat tightness, and other severe symptoms; (3) accompanied poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms; (4) In addition to medical examination found outside pharynx congestive no other abnormal signs. 3. More than three-year-old children with no fever or more low heat, the individual has high fever, with chills, headache, general acid difficulties, anorexia, generally the other upper respiratory tract symptoms, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, hoarseness and other pharyngitis. Some children could be merged periomphalic enterocelia and right lower quadrant pain, abdominal pain may be enhanced with peristalsis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and intestinal roundworm unrest, and so on. (2) two special types of an upper respiratory infection. Pharyngo - conjunctival fever : adenovirus infection. More morbidity in spring and summer, in nurseries and kindergartens in popularity, the clinical characteristics of a child aged 2 -3 styles. Often high fever, heat-volatile, throat tightness, unilateral or bilateral eyelid and eye irritation with congestive film, ranging from the pros on both sides (no purulent). Ears, neck and lower jaw bilateral leaching node swelling, pharynx congestion, occasional diarrhea. 3 -5 days of the course, some for as long as seven days, sometimes until 2-3 weeks. 2. Herpangina Yan : The main pathogens of group A Coxsackie virus In recent years confirmed Coxsackie B virus and the virus ECHO 9, 7 - also caused the disease. Clinical features : more common in infants, fever, increased drooling babies, swallowing discomfort performance for refusing milk, patience, love, cry a little. V. pharyngodynia and children, a characteristic throat lesions initially as a casual sexual rashes, herpes immediately into a diameter of about 2-4mm. Rupture after ulcer become yellowish white color, a feeling around, the number of volatile, mainly distributed in palatopharyngeus arch, the soft palate, tonsils and uvula on. 2 -4 fever in the days after the fall, ulcers usually lasted 4-10 days. Laboratory examinations, low leukocyte, neutrophil early slightly higher. With bacterial infection leukocytes and neutrophils can be increased.