Non-typhoid Salmonella infections

Overview of non-typhoid Salmonella infections (nontyphoidal salmonellosis) is typhoid, paratyphoid outside of Salmonella caused by the acute infectious diseases. Clinical manifestations complex can be divided into gastroenteritis, typhoid-type, type septicemia, local pyogenic infection type, performance can be asymptomatic infection. Salmonella pathogen belonging Enterobacter spp Kesha nation. Bacteria-wide, the world has so far found more than 2,000 serotypes. Salmonella Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus no, no Clostridium with flagellum, Sports. Ordinary medium easy growth and reproduction. Right outside the strong resistance of the water, dairy and meat food survive for a few months. Heating 60 ℃ 30 minutes inactivated, or 5% carbolic acid 1:500 mercuric chloride in five minutes may be their killing. Salmonella are bacteria antigen "O" and flagellar antigen "H." According cell antigenic structure divided into A, B, C, D, E, etc. ... 34 group, According flagellar antigen identification of the different groups within the various strains or serotypes. In Salmonella, some are only human pathogens, such as Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A (A and C); Some animals and the common human pathogen, such as the B paratyphoid Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis, cholerae - suis bacilli; only some animals such as chickens pathogenic salmonella dysentery, typhoid, salmonella and other chicken. Human diseases caused by Salmonella is the main A, B, C, D, E5 group, inter typhoid and paratyphoid Salmonella, in Group B Salmonella group C of Salmonella cholerae - suis. group D Salmonella enteritidis and E ducks Salmonella group of more than 10-most common. Epidemiology (1) the main source of infection of Salmonella in animal host for storage, poultry such as chickens, ducks, geese, livestock such as pigs, cattle, sheep and horses; Wild animals such as rodents, mammals can be infected. The infected animal meat, blood, offal may contain a large number of salmonella. Also present in eggs (eggs and duck eggs, etc.) and other food (pork, bacon, ham, sausage, etc.). Therefore, the disease is the main source of infection of livestock, livestock and rodents. Patients and asymptomatic carriers can also serve as a source of infection. (2) a transmission route. Food-borne salmonella to cause human infection of the main channels. Salmonella in food can be a large number of breeding, consuming bacteria without Cook thoroughly contaminated foods such as meat, offal, eggs, etc. can cause infection; milk, goat's milk can be contaminated with salmonella, the consumption of unpasteurized cow and goat's milk can be infected. 2. Salmonella water spread through animal and human feces contaminated water, drinking sewage such infection can occur. Contaminated the water supply system, could create pop. 3. Or through direct contact with contaminated utensils Salmonella can be spread by direct contact with the patients or through contamination equipment. Such transmission can be found in hospitals, baby room, pediatric wards more common. Infection by the medical personnel contaminated hands or contaminated medical appliances, communication, as well as by the mouse, mantis through eating foods such as pollution of the environment caused infection. (3) the susceptibility crowd generally susceptible to Salmonella infection and the outcome of virulent bacteria and the host immune status. Normal children and the elderly and patients with chronic disease, a serious infection, In particular, within one-year-old infants because immune function is not yet mature, and therefore vulnerable to infection. And the elderly and chronic wasting disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, leukemia and lymphoma, liver cirrhosis, high morbidity, serious symptoms. (4) The prevalence of the disease was global distribution, in recent years the incidence of significant growth, Moreover, in particular Salmonella Salmonella typhimurium, through which plasmid-mediated resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Epidemiology has become an issue worthy of great attention. The disease may annual incidence, but occur in the summer and autumn, rapid onset, short incubation period, the incidence of collective popular features. Disease after immunity is not strong, and can be repeated infections.