Clinical manifestations of leukemia

Leukemic cells in bone marrow infiltration system as the main features, so that serious inhibiting normal hematopoietic function, reduce the generation of normal hematopoietic cells in the blood caused by the WBC. Red blood cells, platelets less than the quantity, so patients to infections, anemia and bleeding as the main clinical manifestations. (1) Infection: Infection is the body immunocompromised results. In leukemia cells can produce ~ breeding species in acidic Isoferritin, the substance of the bone marrow progenitor cells tablets have a stronger effect, combined with chemotherapy and adrenal cortical hormones further exacerbated by the use of immune disorders. Therefore vulnerable patients with various bacterial and fungal infections, and more easily spread and difficult to normal cured. Its performance for pharyngitis, and stomatitis. Pneumonia, cellulitis, perianal abscess, enteritis, bladder gifted. In particular pneumonia and gastrointestinal infection can lead to sepsis or sepsis, systemic disease were fever, body temperature often> 38.5 ° C is the leading cause of death from patients. (2) bleeding: leukemia patient's bleeding occurred in 67% to 75%, due mainly thrombocytopenia, leukemia cell infiltration of small arteries and veins to the vascular wall damage, the lack of coagulation factor and anticoagulant substances increased. Bleeding bruising to the skin, gingival bleeding, epistaxis most common. Female patients have menorrhagia. Some patients may also occur offal or organization bleeding. Patients such as gastrointestinal bleeding, it may have black or bloody; urinary tract bleeding, urine was washing meat water samples; retinal hemorrhage, depending on the patient unclear, and even the blind; if intracranial hemorrhage in patients and often can subarachnoid hemorrhage sudden death. (3) anemia: about 60 per cent of the existence of leukemia patients anemia. Anemia is the pathological basis of the reduced hemoglobin. Since hemoglobin in the blood is the main force in the delivery of oxygen, anemia, in a series of patients tissues and organs of hypoxia symptoms. Early in the mucosa of patients with pale skin color, especially in the palm skin, your lips mucosa, conjunctivas and other places, the most notable; patient self-induced fatigue, weakness, dizziness tinnitus, memory deterioration, ideology is not concentrated pulse rate change soon, shortness of breath ; loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea; polyuria; Irregular Menstruation and loss of libido, anemia, patients may also have serious low heat, edema. Proteinuria, and so on. In search of apical and pulmonary valve and heard briefings kind systolic murmur, ECG changes such as a low voltage. (4) lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly: About more than half of the leukemia patients in the neck. Area touch or supraclavicular lymph node enlargement. Deep palpation abdominal swelling of the liver and spleen can be touched. The signs of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the most significant. Of course, hepatosplenomegaly leukemia is not unique, such as hepatitis, liver abscess, liver, and so have hepatomegaly; malaria. Hemolytic anemia, typhoid have splenomegaly. After the inspection should be fully identify with the situation. (5) severe headache: When leukemia cell infiltration and subarachnoid brain tissue when patients appeared nervous system symptoms and signs. Arachnoid skull is a layer of periosteal surface within the transparent membrane. It covers the surface of the brain between the soft membrane certain lacunar, known as "subarachnoid space." The cerebrospinal fluid cavity, constantly generated by the ventricle, and constantly infiltrated blood, cerebrospinal fluid constitute the cycle. When leukemia cell proliferation in the arachnoid, subarachnoid happen narrow obstacle to the cycle of cerebrospinal fluid caused traffic hydrocephalus. Then the patients will explosion-like sharp headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, such as papillary edema. If the leukemia cells in the small blood vessels around the brain concentration, it can cause obstruction or bleeding small vascular embolization, the patient will not only headaches, but also had mild paralysis, or even coma. (6) pulmonary infections: More than 60 percent of serious leukemia cell leukemia with lung infiltration. 1% bed often complicated by infection for performance, such as low heat, Qinghai, expectoration, and so on. (7) bone marrow Pain: The most common acute lymphoblastic leukemia, again mostly children patients. Its main reasons: Bone marrow cavity pressure increase. Bone marrow cavity leukemia cell proliferation of blood cells faster than the speed of the blood caused by the release of leukemia cells in the bone marrow cavity gathered, resulting in medullary cavity pressure increased, have bone pain, bone blood supply obstacles. Nutritional periosteal bone marrow from the blood vessels, when leukemic cell infiltration by the periosteum, the blood supply to the bone destruction, leading to osteoporosis and even decomposition, produce pain; unknown causes bone infarct and hyperuricemia, and so on. Hyperuricemia is the application of chemotherapy, a large number of anti - leukemia cells produced in the metabolism of material. This product can cause gout of joint pain. Joint pain, arthritis and should distinguish, through the X-ray bone or bone scan can be diagnosed. Leukemia patients can have many other symptoms, and leukemia cells infiltrating the site. When the abnormal performance of the body, they should promptly contact with the doctors and nurses, so early detection of problems and take treatment measures.